{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/addiction/2","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_2419-markdown","title":"Can You Be Addicted to Marijuana?","slug":"can-you-be-addicted-to-marijuana","content":"Longtime users swear marijuana is a non-addictive herb you can quit any time—no problem. Rehab centers and government websites cite a long list of withdrawal symptoms that prove cannabis is a highly addictive and dangerous drug. Who’s right? The answer depends partly on the definition of addiction itself and on the complex interplay of brain pathways that creates a pattern of compulsive behaviors.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### The Challenge of Defining Marijuana Addiction\n\nFrom a legal perspective, cannabis is clearly considered addictive. It’s firmly placed on the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Schedule I list of highly addictive substances, and [government sponsored drug information sources](https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-addictive) offer a long list of symptoms of marijuana addiction and withdrawal.  \n\nThat position is supported, not too surprisingly, by the [recovery and rehab community](https://addictionresource.com/drugs/marijuana/marijuana-withdrawal/), which lists marijuana withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, gastrointestinal distress, chills and sweating as reasons for seeking medical detox and rehab services.  \n\nRELATED: [CANNABIS: AN 'EXIT DRUG' FOR THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/59f0d5d6453ba8000f3478d6/cannabis-an-exit-drug-for-the-opioid-epidemic)\n\nOn the other side of the debate stands a sizeable community of people who use cannabis both for recreational and medicinal purposes, many of whom say cannabis products of all kinds are not addictive, and it’s possible to stop using them at any point—say, for a job that does drug testing—without feeling any physical or psychological effects. \n\nIn between are those who report feeling irritable, angry, ill or depressed after stopping cannabis, or who see a rebound effect of any conditions they may be treating with cannabis products.  \n\nThe National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse [defines addiction](https://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction) as a “complex disease” characterized by “severe loss of control, continued use despite serious consequences, preoccupation with using, failed attempts to quit, tolerance and withdrawal.” \n\nAssociated with the notion of addiction are other terms such as substance use disorder, substance dependence, substance use syndrome, and substance problem, all aimed at pinning down various stages and aspects of addiction to drugs and alcohol.  \n\n### Does Dependence on Marijuana Equal Addiction?\n\nFor many people, the definition of addiction is physical dependence on a particular substance, such as heroin or alcohol. Stopping those kinds of substances throws the body and brain into crisis, with many well-documented and potentially serious withdrawal symptoms.  \n\nBut many essential medications create a physical dependence, too—and stopping them can also produce that kind of withdrawal. For example, a person taking a potent antipsychotic drug can experience symptoms including seizures and heart arrhythmia if they stop suddenly, but that person wouldn’t be considered addicted to the medication.\n\nEven though the compounds in cannabis bind to the body’s natural endocannabinoid receptors, \nresearch suggests that [less than 10% of cannabis users develop a physical addiction](http://brainblogger.com/2015/05/13/debunking-the-myths-of-marijuana-withdrawal-syndrome/). And if stopping cannabis cold turkey does produce symptoms, they tend to be relatively mild and brief.\n\nIf physical dependence that leads to withdrawal is the main criterion for defining addiction, then users who claim that marijuana isn’t addictive have a point—it isn’t equivalent to substances like heroin and alcohol, which do cause severe withdrawal syndromes. But addiction has other aspects besides physical dependence. \n\nRecent studies on addiction and the brain suggest that compulsion, which explains a wide range of addictive behaviors, [can also explain why some people become addicted to cannabis](http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v2/n10/full/nrn1001-695a.html?foxtrotcallback=true).\n\n### Compulsion: the Force Behind Addictions\n\nIt’s possible to become addicted to many things, from computer games to exercise, to sex. These kinds of addictions have been labeled as “behavioral” to distinguish them from “substance” addictions, which are often assumed to also include physical dependence.  \n\nUnderlying all of them is compulsion—a \n[loop of responses](https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/how-addiction-hijacks-the-brain) that are activated by the relationships between the brain’s circuits for pleasure, memory and problem solving. This loop accounts for key parts of the classical definition of addiction: continuing the behavior despite negative consequences, failed efforts to quit, cravings for the desired substance, and preoccupation with getting it at all costs.\n\n### Compulsion Creates Addictive Behaviors\n\nWhen the brain receives input that is perceived as pleasurable, it responds with a surge of dopamine to a small area called the nucleus accumbens. It doesn’t matter what the source of that pleasure might be—a drug; a behavior; an experience. \n\nOnce that burst of dopamine is triggered, the hippocampus, an area of the brain responsible for processing memories, lays down a memory of the event. After that, the amygdala encodes a specific response to that stimulus. For example, if a person uses cannabis and likes it, that pleasurable memory can lead them to use it again. \n\nIn addiction, another step takes place within this pleasure-reward loop to make the behavior compulsive; it’s not about merely liking a substance but craving it even in the face of negative consequences. Dopamine, the “feel good” chemical, also interacts with another neurotransmitter called glutamate, which is associated with learning and motivation. That adds another piece to the circuit—the drive to repeat whatever action produces that surge of dopamine.\n\n### Defining Marijuana Addiction \n\nThe pleasure-reward learning process happens constantly in many circumstances. Without it, humans would never learn new things, achieve goals, or even survive. But addictive substances and behaviors cause a much faster and more intense surge of dopamine than normal—immediate satisfaction that the brain wants to repeat.  \n\nThose wanting and motivating factors cause users to seek out that feeling again and again, regardless of any negative consequences for doing so. And while they may want to stop, or try to stop, it doesn’t work for long because compulsion overrides other decision-making processes in the brain. \n\nFighting compulsion produces its own kind of withdrawal, which can have both psychological and physical aspects. People can feel anxious, depressed or angry without the object of their addiction. Relationships, appetite and sleep patterns can suffer too, and some individuals may need professional help to move past the addiction.\n\nCan you become addicted to marijuana? That depends on how addiction is defined—and physical dependence is just one piece of the puzzle. When compulsion drives consumption and disrupts a user’s life, the answer may be yes.\n\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \n\nPhoto credit: [S.Su](https://www.flickr.com/photos/24550592@N08/2403082434/in/photolist-4EmqFL-deTTWU-pBb5cV-sJXZ-ajefjM-dZvdCU-6rUX36-ewMccK-3Xomcw-XbYJo7-bqdaYe-8x5Ppt-c9a411-6Vc9y6-i7m9dg-6HDM4v-qEVV2N-aQD35D-ozDgXt-7fdjMr-pXYdRV-bNuDsR-cueFPb-dTKhTh-nWuQbS-9zRLkQ-8N2Udx-fyKCoo-rYB8TN-XDJkUP-HTmKWK-97A7vw-bpC5Q6-atciVR-ppHJYx-6qgVWh-rbzGeX-dKZja1-dpgRQv-g4gYZh-bB7Jzx-5htTyG-r9qoJB-dT2HjM-8ecvGW-hB1gXr-JmspK-cbVpo1-68Ec5h-rdy5Zz)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/14b42/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/f836f/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/2244e/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 400w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/14b42/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 800w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/47498/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/54ac5/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/58556/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/61e93/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/1f5c5/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 400w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/58556/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 800w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/99238/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 1200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/5e0b8/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2194-markdown","title":"Marijuana Reduces Addiction to Crack Cocaine","slug":"marijuana-reduces-addiction-to-crack-cocaine","content":"### An Alternative to Opioids\n\nCannabis has been shown as a promising alternative to opioids, and possibly even a way to help people free themselves from the addiction to them. Accessibility to medical cannabis has even been directly correlated to a decrease in opioid use within legal states. For patients with chronic pain, the analgesic effect of cannabis makes it a viable alternative to prescription opioids. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n[As we have previously reported](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/590e55bcb9d7de39077992f0/cannabis-is-successful-as-a-treatment-for-heroin-addiction), CBD in particular may help with addictions to opioids because it reduces the desire for drug seeking behaviors, as seen through a mouse modeled study and anecdotal evidence among humans. \n\n### Cannabis Reduces Addiction to Crack Cocaine\n\nThe endocannabinoid system is deeply connected with how drugs are processed in the human body with established patterns of addiction. A recent [study, published in the journal Addictive Behaviors](https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/cannabis-may-help-wean-people-off-crack-study-finds/article35003184/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&) may show an ability for cannabis to help patients with addictions to crack cocaine. \n\nCrack is a crystalline version of cocaine that is normally found in a powdered form. It is heated and smoked, which produces and extremely potent high far stronger than cocaine. The study out of the British Columbia Center on Substance Abuse, which is based in Vancouver, looked at 122 people. These 122 people featured in the study all consumed crack and were tracked over a three year period. When cannabis was consumed, it was found that overall consumption of crack cocaine was reduced.\n\n\nM.J. Milloy, the senior author of the study and an infectious diseases epidemiologist at the British Columbia Center on Substance Abuse [said about the study](https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/cannabis-may-help-wean-people-off-crack-study-finds/article35003184/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&), “\"We're not saying that these results mean everyone will be able to smoke a joint and forget the fact that they are dependent on crack…What our findings do suggest is that cannabinoids might play a role in reducing the harm of crack use for some people.” This study provided similar results to a much smaller study that was conducted in Brazil. The Brazil Study, which only featured 25 people, found that two thirds of those people stopped using crack when they consumed cannabis. \n\n### Mice Modeled Study\n\nAnother [study, which was published in the journal Natural Neuroscience](http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3164946/) in 2011, was a mouse modeled study that looked at cocaine addiction and cannabis. Though cocaine is slightly different than crack it is essentially a less concentrated version of it. The study conducted by joint researchers from Beijing and Baltimore, looked at mice self administration of cocaine. The researchers intentionally got mice addicted to cocaine and then taught them how to administer it. \n\nSome of the mice were then treated with a synthetic cannabinoid, which reduced their desire for cocaine. The study, though conducted with a different substance, was very similar to the [mouse modeled heroine study](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/590e55bcb9d7de39077992f0/cannabis-is-successful-as-a-treatment-for-heroin-addiction). Another similar study was conducted in Spain in 2005. This [study, which was published in the journal Neuropharmacology](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1574200), looked at how CB1 receptors effect dependency in mice. The study indicated that CB1 receptors are crucial in addiction and self administration desires. \n\n### Cannabis & Addiction\n\nThe issue of crack addiction has been largely overshadowed by the opioid epidemic, and it is important to look at the potential that cannabis has on addiction overall. Crack use is highly tied with other diseases and conditions like HIV and Hep C, so addressing this condition is important to improving the overall health of the crack-addicted population. The idea of using cannabis to treat an addictive condition is still seen as very controversial, but the connection of addiction with the body’s internal endocannabinoid system is becoming increasingly evident. \n\nThough cannabis is not necessarily a cure for crack addiction, it indicates a strong necessity for further study into how cannabis could aid people with crack addiction. Milloy, the author of the British Columbia Center for Substance Abuse study [stated](http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/17/health/addiction-cannabis-harm-reduction/), \"We certainly have no illusions that this is the final word on the matter. Indeed, I think what it really is, it may be a first step…So what we hope is that further study will let us know if it is in fact an effective substitution treatment for crack cocaine use disorder. To that end, we are putting together a clinical trial, which we hope will better test the hypothesis that cannabis could be useful to people who are suffering from this disorder.\" A clinical trial by the center could be the evidence needed to conclusively determine if cannabis could be the key to helping free people from the bonds of crack addiction. \n\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56201c206430320006bb0000/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/14b42/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.jpg","srcSet":"/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/f836f/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.jpg 200w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/2244e/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.jpg 400w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/14b42/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.jpg 800w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/47498/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.jpg 1200w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/54ac5/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/58556/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/61e93/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.webp 200w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/1f5c5/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.webp 400w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/58556/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.webp 800w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/99238/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.webp 1200w,\n/static/baa3d9824283d6887bf09d7efc2de4fb/5e0b8/143212bb90c5b87546519e3bc1d5ba00.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2412-markdown","title":"Cannabis is Successful as a Treatment for Heroin Addiction","slug":"cannabis-is-successful-as-a-treatment-for-heroin-addiction","content":"### Heroin Addiction: A Massive Epidemic\r\n\r\nAn opioid epidemic, which includes both over the counter opioids and other opioid derivatives like heroin, has swept across the country in recent years and is now at the top of the list of problems to solve for many states and the federal government. An astounding statistic has been uncovered as well; 80% of patients using heroin reported mis-using over the counter opioids prior to becoming addicted to heroin. Traditional approaches to heroin addiction in rehabilitation centers include behavioral therapies and a variety of medications, which often do not prevent the high number of relapses. \r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\r\n\r\nPrescription medications are an integral part of heroin addiction treatment in traditional rehabilitation centers. Medications like methadone and buprenorphine help with withdrawals and cravings and naltrexone helps block opioid receptors. Cannabis is now seen as a possible replacement for the harsher medications that ease people off heroin by reducing withdrawal symptoms and helping people control underlying conditions that brought them to use opioids in the first place. \r\n\r\n### Cannabis Used to Treat Opioid Addiction Successfully\r\n\r\nA [2014 study published in the journal JAMA](http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/1898878) found a 25% drop in opioid overdose deaths in states that have legalized medical marijuana. The study looked at all 50 states between the years 1999 and 2010 and showed great promise for the ability of cannabis to become an alternative to opioids. \r\n\r\nRELATED: [MARIJUANA DOES NOT CAUSE OPIOID ADDICTION](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/marijuana-does-not-cause-opioid-addiction)\r\n\r\nSome doctors are now looking at how cannabis could help their patients who are addicted to opioids. Dr. Gary Witman, of CannaCare Docs in New England became one of the first to widely publicize the idea of using cannabis to help people with opioid addictions. The Massachusetts clinic where Dr. Witman is employed has treated 80 patients who suffer from pharmaceutical addictions. The one-month rehabilitation program proved successful for 75% of the patients in the study. \r\n\r\n### CBD a Preventative Key\r\n\r\nThough the evidence in the study conducted by Witman is only anecdotal, and looked at pharmaceutical opioids instead of heroin, it does demonstrate that cannabis may be able to help people find relief from their addictions. A rat modeled [study from 2009 that was published in the Journal of Neuroscience](http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/47/14764?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=Whittard&fulltext=cannabidiol&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT) looked at the effects of CBD on heroin self administration and drug seeking behavior. Rats who were self dosing heroin, through a signaling system that prompted them to release heroin by pressing a button, did not stop heroin usage when given CBD (cannabidiol). \r\n\r\nWhat is remarkable however, is that rats who were in active recovery from heroin for two weeks and were dosed CBD, did not seek heroin when they were signaled. The study’s researchers concluded that,“CBD may be a potential treatment for heroin craving and relapse.” Though the study was rat modeled and very preliminary, it does show that cannabis has great promise as a treatment for heroin addiction. \r\n\r\n### The Endocannabinoid System and Addiction\r\n\r\nTHC also has the potential to help people with withdrawal symptoms as people are recovering from heroin addiction. The endocannabinoid system is strongly linked with the way opioids are processed and how they signal dependence. A [study from Drug and Alcohol Dependence](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187456) in 2015 looked at the effects of Dronabinol, a synthetic form of THC, on the severity of opioid withdrawals. The study found that, “Dronabinol reduced the severity of opiate withdrawal during acute detoxification”.  Since THC interacts with the body in the same way as Dronabinol, cannabis may also be extremely effective at helping decrease the severity of withdrawal symptoms for patients. \r\n\r\nThough there are some gaps in professional research on the issue of cannabis being used to help people with heroin addiction, cannabis may be an extremely effective alternative to the medications already used to help people rid themselves of heroin addiction. Not to mention, cannabis has a great potential to replace the need for opioids because of its potent analgesic qualities. Though some researchers are skeptical of the possibility of cannabis as an effective part of heroin addiction treatment, a new treatment center in Los Angeles is now capitalizing on the idea. \r\n\r\n### Cannabis has no Lethal Dose\r\n\r\nThe High Sobriety treatment center focuses on “cannabis inclusive treatment” for people with all kinds of addictions, ranging from alcohol to heroin. High sobriety helps people detox from harsh drugs with the alternative of cannabis. [High Sobriety](http://www.laweekly.com/news/new-rehab-will-treat-drug-addiction-with-marijuana-7843077) describes their goal as to, “eliminate the risk of death from drug use. \r\n\r\nCocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, pharmaceuticals and other street drugs all have a lethal dose. Leading the death toll though, and killing more than all others combined, is alcohol. Cannabis has no known lethal dose. There is a simple truth; eliminating drugs with a lethal dose and using a drug with no lethal dose is a massive improvement, and will save lives. For generations we have been told that cannabis is a “gateway” drug, at High Sobriety, we believe it is an exit drug.”\r\n\r\n### A Controversial Subject\r\nThe center was founded by Joe Schrank, a recovered addict and drug treatment counselor who has worked at many different treatment centers throughout his life. Though the idea of using cannabis at a treatment center is still controversial, the center believes that cannabis can aid people with detoxification and can be an integral part of recovery.\r\n\r\nJoe Shrank says, “Our cannabis replacement protocol is in full compliance with law and under medical supervision. Cannabis is used for a variety of medical conditions as both treatment and symptomatic care. Cannabis can aid in the detox process, helping with discomfort, insomnia, and flu-like symptoms associated with the withdrawal process, reducing or eliminating the need for other drugs. After the initial detox, our doctor will provide a comprehensive and collaborative evaluation to determine an individual’s goals for recovery. The determination of how cannabis is used is ultimately made by the doctor, like any other medication. Post detox, cannabis continues to be an option under medical supervision.” \r\n\r\nHigh Sobriety will become an interesting study for how cannabis could aid people with a variety of addictions, including addictions to heroin, which are becoming an increasingly larger problem across the country and world. The detoxification potential of cannabis should not be ignored and hopefully all of the new information on the issue will prompt more studies that could potentially lead to life saving information for millions of people. \r\n\r\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/14b42/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/f836f/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.jpg 200w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/2244e/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.jpg 400w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/14b42/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.jpg 800w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/47498/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.jpg 1200w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/54ac5/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/58556/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/61e93/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.webp 200w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/1f5c5/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.webp 400w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/58556/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.webp 800w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/99238/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.webp 1200w,\n/static/a63db0d17ed6494a42c2899b2b841035/5e0b8/b3ae0198927466d455159c5f8e67e6eb.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2217-markdown","title":"Cannabis Treats Heroin Addiction Successfully","slug":"cannabis-treats-heroin-addiction-successfully","content":"### Opioids & Heroin\r\n\r\nAccording to the Center for Disease Control, [opioids, including heroin, were responsible for more than](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/opioid-overdose-patients-continue-to-get-meds/) 28,600 deaths in 2014 and 61% of all overdose related deaths. \r\n\r\nHeroin is a growing problem in the United States and it is popping up everywhere from city streets to once quiet American suburbs. Often heroin addiction is caused by an addiction developed while taking prescription opioids, but heroin is then turned to as a much cheaper alternative to prescription opioids. \r\n\r\nHeroin is just one component of the opioid epidemic that is plaguing America. Only about half of people with addictions fully recover from their disease and do not resort back to using. In some cases, we see even higher rates of relapse for people with opioid addictions, meaning finding new approaches to ridding our country of widespread heroin addiction is essential. \r\n\r\n### Why Cannabis\r\n\r\nA survey carried out by [Amanda Reiman out of UC Berkley found](http://phys.org/news/2009-12-cannabis-booze-britain-problems.html# jCp) some of the main reasons patients at Berkley Patient Group, a medical marijuana dispensary, took cannabis. The results showed that  there was less withdrawal with cannabis compared to other illicit drugs, less adverse effects when taking cannabis compared to other drugs, and it provided them with the best symptom management for their various medical conditions. \r\n\r\nIf patients are choosing cannabis for better symptom relief qualities, then it is clear that access to medical marijuana could prevent some problematic addictions in the long run. Cannabis, however, might prove effective at helping people heal from their already present addictions as well.\r\n\r\n### Cannabis Quells Symptoms\r\n\r\nSome states are looking to cannabis to help rid them of their growing heroin addiction problems. Maine is considering adding opioid and heroin addiction to the list of conditions that apply for medical marijuana. Since one of the most common routes into heroine addiction is prescription opioid abuse, usually prescribed legally for pain, it is thought that since marijuana has shown great efficacy at treating chronic pain, it could dramatically decrease the need for opioids in the first place. \r\n\r\n[Massachusetts also has a pilot program](http://www.drugfree.org/news-service/opioid-addiction-treated-medical-marijuana-massachusetts/) of opioid addicts being treated with medical marijuana. Dr. Gary Witman of CannaCare Doctors attempted to treat about 80 patients who were addicted to opioids, anti-anxiety medications, and muscle relaxers with cannabis over the course of a one month period. Three fourths of the patients stopped taking the harder drugs that they had previously been addicted to because cannabis adequately quelled their symptoms. \r\n\r\n### Cannabis Replaces Other Drugs\r\n\r\nA 2009 study published in the Harm Reduction Journal found that cannabis could be effective at treating alcoholism. Out of 350 cannabis users, 40% used cannabis to quell alcohol cravings, 66% used it as a replacement for prescriptions drugs, and 26% used it as a replacement for illicit drugs, in all of the cases cannabis was an effective alternative to what each patient had previously been taking. \r\n\r\n[A 2013 study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069004) by the National Institute of Health, which was conducted by the Psychiatry Research Unit in Montreal, Canada found that cannabinoids are able to alter the bodies reward system. The study found that the endocannabinoid system may be crucial in addiction treatment because it is closely tied with various neurological and behavioral aspects of addiction. Since cannabis acts on the endocannabinoid receptors in the body, it is believed that cannabis could be effective at helping people with addictions. \r\n\r\n[Another study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3742578/) from 2013, which was published in NueroScience, found that targeting the endocannbinoid system in people who have opioid addictions could be a novel pathway for the treatment of addiction. Cannabinoids and opioids work on similar pathways in the body, so supplementing the body with cannabis could possibly alleviate up to seventy of the withdrawal symptoms associated with halted opioid use. [A 2009 study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829756/), which was also published in the Journal of NueroScience, found that CBD specifically could be a potential treatment for heroine addicts. This was shown in an experimental rat model where CBD decreased heroine seeking behavior. \r\n\r\n### Stopping Addictions Before They Happen\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana could be the key to both alleviating heroin addiction and to preventing more addictions from developing. Multiple studies have proved both the efficacy of medical marijuana in helping with chronic pain, which is the most common reason that opioids are prescribed to patients. If medical marijuana is accessible to more people, it could prevent people who may have addictive tendencies from getting prescribed opioids in the first place. \r\n\r\nSince opioids are highly addictive, simply reducing the number of opioid prescriptions is a crucial aspect to reducing the number of opioid addictions. Preliminary studies have also shown that medical marijuana could provide relief from heroin addiction. More studies are needed to prove the efficacy of cannabis as a treatment for addiction, but with multiple states considering adding addiction to the list of approved medical conditions for medical cannabis use means we could see more evidence in the near future. \r\n\r\nDo you have questions about about cannabis? Ask a question on [HelloMD's new Answers](https://www.hellomd.com/ feature). A doctor or member of our community will answer.\r\n\r\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.\r\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/14b42/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/f836f/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.jpg 200w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/2244e/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.jpg 400w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/14b42/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.jpg 800w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/47498/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/54ac5/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/58556/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/61e93/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.webp 200w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/1f5c5/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.webp 400w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/58556/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.webp 800w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/99238/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.webp 1200w,\n/static/d7db765b1215bf7c2c7504318a20ae1f/5e0b8/08a7cdd570f7ccf3fa7d41d43583274f.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2044-markdown","title":"Can Marijuana Help Solve the Heroin & Prescription Opioid Crisis?","slug":"can-marijuana-help-solve-the-heroin-and-prescription-opioid-crisis","content":"Heroin and prescription opioid addiction is hitting record numbers in the U.S. We largely treat these addictions with more opiates like methadone and Suboxone. But The Open Neurology Journal cites studies saying medical marijuana helps with chronic pain, but can also control nausea and vomiting.\n\nHeroin and prescription opioid [addiction to drugs like OxyContin and Vicodin is hitting record\nnumbers in the United States](http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/10/30/us/31heroin-deaths.html?_r=1). The medical community has largely attempted to treat these addictions—as well as counter the negative effects of opiate withdrawal—with more opioids such as methadone and Suboxone.  \n\nBut an article published in _The Open Neurology Journal_ mentions [numerous studies that found medical marijuana not only helps with chronic pain management, but can also control nausea and vomiting](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358713/)—typical withdrawal symptoms when stopping the use of heroin and opiates. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Opioid Overdoses in Every State\n\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a study about the epidemic of drug overdose deaths in America, and the statistics were startling. Every state has been affected and almost every county in the country has seen an [increase in drug overdose deaths](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/heroin-overdose-deaths-double-in-u-s/). Between 2012 and 2014, the number of heroin overdoses doubled in the U.S. The increase is attributed to addiction to narcotic painkillers.\n\nThese numbers aren't just affecting certain areas. [New Hampshire, West Virginia and other states with large blue-collar worker populations have also experienced record numbers of rising opiate addiction](http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/07/us/drug-overdose-deaths-in-the-us.html). Workplace injuries have also been contributing to increasing opioid addiction in the working class.\n\nThe rise in deaths mirrors levels of the HIV epidemic at its height in the 1980s and 1990s. In 2014, [opioid use accounted for 61% of\ndeaths in the U.S.](http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/07/us/drug-overdose-deaths-in-the-us.html) In order to stem the tide of prescription drug abuse, new legislation has been introduced in an attempt to control prescribing practices. However, as [prescription painkillers became less available, addicts turned to heroin](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/11/health/prescription-painkillers-seen-as-a-gateway-to-heroin.html).\n\n### How Narcotic Addiction Affects the Brain & Body\n\nDrug addiction alters the physical composition of the brain. Narcotic addiction, in particular, rewires the circuits in the brain responsible for reward, consequence determination and mood. With this change in wiring, the brain is no longer capable of functioning without the help of the opioid drug. If the addicted person tries to abstain from heroin or other prescription opioids, they experience symptoms of opiate withdrawal such as:\n\n* anxiety and agitation\n* body aches\n* chills\n* craving the drug\n* vomiting\n* diarrhea\n* nausea\n\nThese opioid withdrawal symptoms can increase in severity, lasting a few hours to a few days. And, if the addiction began as a result of using drugs for chronic pain, withdrawal symptoms can worsen as the pain from the condition plus the pain of withdrawal intensify. \n\n### Prescription Attempts at Recovery from Opiate Addiction & Withdrawal\n\n[The common medical practice for treating opioid addiction is to prescribe more drugs](https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/breaking-an-addiction-to-painkillers-treatment-overvew#1) to mask the opiate withdrawal symptoms. \n\nAfter the initial withdrawal period ends, maintenance drugs are prescribed. Methadone, naltrexone, Suboxone and other medications are used to deter abuse, but none of them completely end the addiction process, keep withdrawal symptoms from occurring, or heal the connections in the brain.\n\n### How Medical Marijuana Can Help End the Cycle of Opioid Addiction\n\nWhile most of the methadone-based treatments prescribed in the treatment of heroin and opiate addiction can produce the same kinds of highs—as well as addictions—created by the drugs themselves, cannabis can treat addiction without the resulting euphoric feelings. Of the 400 or more chemical compounds in cannabis, only tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) produces a high. Many forms of cannabis can be grown and processed without this factor, which makes marijuana even safer to treat addiction than other drugs are.\n\nRELATED: [CANNABIS AS AN EXIT DRUG FOR THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/59f0d5d6453ba8000f3478d6/cannabis-an-exit-drug-for-the-opioid-epidemic)\n\nIn addition, the body contains the [endocannabinoid system (ECS), a natural system for healing itself through decreasing inflammation and pain while increasing immunity](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5751cbd970410e000b00003a/what-is-the-endocannabinoid-system). It works in a very similar way to the cannabinoids in medical marijuana.\n\nThrough proper use, cannabis supports the ECS and can actually rewire the brain, unlike methadone treatments which merely block chemical transmission while it's in use. This means that once the person stops taking methadone, the brain hasn't healed and will still seek satisfaction through cravings for heroin or other opiates. Cannabis, on the other hand, changes the composition of the brain so the cravings are no longer present.\n\nNot only does the use of medical marijuana promote the body's natural healing systems, it helps correct the underlying disease. Instead of masking or creating side effects, medical marijuana can be a real solution in combatting the problem of heroin and opiate addiction—and subsequently, opiate withdrawal.\n\nPhoto credit: [Wil Taylor](https://www.flickr.com/photos/subsetsum/3731217400/in/photolist-6FHsWu-9jkyup-nbdfPZ-5jpRT6-856TZo-cQay4s-aLtXLx-5APYay-vCqoHd-vCyVYH-eTpA1X-whPxFy-gAdTrV-qKZk9-7MhkvW-hNn9e-9uLbiZ-N65ak-f1uFuv-eaVHvf-4dacbb-4DyRuj-3PEmnc-bmQdtg-ev2AR5-635Ju-osGDv4-3Sdoa-dp5X6i-akWZuQ-yA6b-7ZvsBd-8QoWTf-f1tdQ9-cWsdNy-6yLQZz-cHhoMy-8FBhKR-8WrAcv-ar8jW-9xD73c-9uK5fi-6NFKz2-bytook-9i77ZQ-9skioK-eYbToQ-7e7VkF-4tuPZN-9sVyYA)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56201c206430320006bb0000/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.492537313432836,"src":"/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/ee604/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.png","srcSet":"/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/69585/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.png 200w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/497c6/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.png 400w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/ee604/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.png 800w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/f3583/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.png 1200w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/646b6/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.png 1266w","srcWebp":"/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/58556/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/61e93/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.webp 200w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/1f5c5/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.webp 400w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/58556/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.webp 800w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/99238/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.webp 1200w,\n/static/c73d7eaea8d410f961c02bd4097e5d4f/9b0b5/f7608096d203b6680c07bf969e8d3aac.webp 1266w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":12,"numPages":2,"currentPage":2,"id":4920,"name":"Addiction","slug":"addiction","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}