{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/humulene/","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_2691-markdown","title":"Know Your Terpenes: Humulene","slug":"know-your-terpenes-humulene","content":"Every beer lover knows the power of humulene, though they may never have heard of it. This common terpene is so abundant in the hops plant (_Humulus lupulus_) that it’s largely responsible for the flavor and aroma of all varieties of beer. Humulene is also found in many spices such as sage and ginger—and in cannabis, where it adds [potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects to cannabis products of all kinds](http://terpene.info/terpene/humulene/).\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Terpenes Are Powerful Plant Healers\n\nTerpenes are found in many plants around the world, and even in some insects. These essential oils produced by plant resin glands are responsible for the aroma and taste of a wide range of plant and tree families such as pine, citrus and cannabis. \n\nAs interest in the medicinal properties of cannabis continues to grow, research has begun to focus on the properties of the more than 200 terpenes found in the various strains of the cannabis sativa plant. That research is now confirming what natural healers have known for centuries: Many terpenes have healing properties all their own. And they can also interact with other compounds for a synergistic result that boosts the effects of both.  \n\nEach cannabis strain has its own unique terpene profile, and the dominant terpenes in that profile are responsible for cannabis’s many different aromas and flavors. Terpenes also interact with cannabis compounds like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD); the combined effects of both terpenes and compounds on the body’s natural endocannabinoid system (ECS) can explain why cannabis has such a wide range of therapeutic applications.\n\n### Cannabis Compounds, Terpenes & the Endocannabinoid System\n\nThe ECS was discovered in the early 1990s, and since then it’s been the subject of intense research. This research continues to reveal new information about the role the ECS plays in modulating all kinds of processes in the body such as:\n\n* Supporting immune responses\n* Regulating signaling in the brain\n* Maintaining autonomous functions like temperature, heart rate and respiration  \n\nThe ECS also plays a role in digestive health and cognitive processes such as mood and memory. The ECS contains two primary receptors, called CB1 and CB2. These receptors are found throughout the body, and they can be triggered both by cannabinoids produced naturally by the body (endocannabinoids), and by the compounds and terpenes in cannabis. All of these compounds bind to those receptors in nearly identical ways. That’s why cannabis products of all kinds can have such a profound effect on so many different health conditions.\n\nCannabis terpenes can bind to cannabis receptors, or they can affect processes that happen when cannabis compounds like THC and CBD bind to either the CB1 or CB2 receptor. The CB1 receptor plays a role in moderating the movement of neurotransmitters in the brain, which affects things like mood, memory and pain signaling. The CB2 receptor, which is found in many peripheral tissues, glands and organs, affects many processes related to the immune system and cellular health.\n\n### Humulene & the Terpene Beta-Caryophyllene\n\nHumulene’s main claim to fame may be its leading role in flavoring beer, [but it can also do much more](https://terpenoids.net/terpene-humulene/). Humulene is also known as alpha-caryophyllene, because of its relationship to beta-caryophyllene (BCS), another terpene found in cannabis and many other plants. \n\nBCS binds to the CB2 receptor and has a long list of documented healing properties including:\n\n* Reducing inflammation\n* Supporting the growth of healthy cells\n* Suppressing the growth of tumor cells\n\nBCS has also been called the first “dietary cannabinoid,” because it was awarded the FDA’s GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) designation for use in food. \n\nIn chemical terms, [humulene is an isomer of beta-caryophyllene](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/humulene). It has the same chemical formulation as BCS, but its atoms are arranged differently. This means that humulene shares many of the characteristics of BCS, but it also has some different properties of its own. BCS binds uniquely to CB2 receptors associated with immune functioning and system regulation, which accounts for its effects on cell growth and inflammation processes. \n\nAs an isomer of BCS, humulene appears to behave in similar ways, so that it can add antibacterial and anti-inflammatory support to cannabis products of all kinds—along with some other surprising effects:\n\n* **Humulene is antibacterial and antifungal:** Recent research reveals that humulene has antibacterial and antifungal properties. This makes it useful in treating a variety of bacterial and fungal infections, particularly certain strains of Staphylococcus, a bacterium responsible for many kinds of infections. Humulene can also be used topically to combat fungal skin infections.\n\n* **Humulene fights inflammation:** Like BCS, humulene can help control inflammation and boost the body’s immune responses. Humulene has shown promise in reducing airway inflammation due to allergies, and in helping the body fight infection by supporting the immune system as a whole.\n\n* **Humulene could help fight cancer:** In a number of laboratory experiments, humulene has been shown to reduce cancerous tumors by depriving cancer cells of the oxygen they need to grow and spread. In this way, humulene, like BCS, may be able to suppress tumor development and support a process called apoptosis—the natural death of cells.\n\n* **Humulene is a natural insecticide:** Along with its immune-boosting and inflammation- fighting properties, humulene can also help reduce the spread of insect-borne diseases. Some studies show that humulene is toxic to the larvae of several varieties of mosquitos responsible for transmitting diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and West Nile virus. Used topically, it can also be an effective repellent for mosquitos and other flying insects.\n\n* **Humulene can help with weight loss:** Like other terpenes and compounds in cannabis, humulene can affect the appetite. But humulene doesn’t stimulate the appetite and satiety pathway. Instead, this terpene appears to suppress activity in that pathway, so that there’s less desire to eat. For this reason, some research suggests that humulene could be used as a weight loss treatment.\n\n### How to Consume Humulene\n\nSome humulene is found in just about every strain of cannabis, although certain strains, such as Bubba Kush and Super Lemon Haze have a much higher content. Humulene can also be purchased alone as a terpene extract that you can add to various cannabis products to increase their immune-boosting and bacteria-fighting effects. Like BCS, humulene is so prevalent in foods that it’s also sold as a food-grade supplement.\n\nConsuming humulene can come with risks, though. It can cause allergic reactions in some people when inhaled, used topically or added to food. And like other terpenes, when heated to very high temperatures such as in dabbing, it can produce toxins. Still, when used wisely, this terpene, which flavors beer and spices, can add potent healing power of its own to the many therapeutic uses of cannabis.\n\nPhoto credit: [Yutacar](https://unsplash.com/@yutacar)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDABALDA4MChAODQ4SERATGCgaGBYWGDEjJR0oOjM9PDkzODdASFxOQERXRTc4UG1RV19iZ2hnPk1xeXBkeFxlZ2P/2wBDARESEhgVGC8aGi9jQjhCY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2P/wgARCAAOABQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFwAAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMEAv/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC/9oADAMBAAIQAxAAAAGO5AvA8P/EABoQAQEAAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECEhMAESH/2gAIAQEAAQUCI74Ooqc0tTLbZPn/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERL/2gAIAQMBAT8BjL//xAAVEQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEv/aAAgBAgEBPwFT/8QAGxAAAwACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEREjECIUH/2gAIAQEABj8C90TFwvaMoq9k5Nmz/8QAGhAAAwEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERITFRkf/aAAgBAQABPyGx5wqI1HCHQNXkFNNKhNAklxGbX0//2gAMAwEAAgADAAAAEIMf/8QAFhEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAER/9oACAEDAQE/EEkIP//EABcRAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAITH/2gAIAQIBAT8QVe2b/8QAHhABAQACAgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAREAITFRQWFxobH/2gAIAQEAAT8QlQEDmvG6+MbSFYg13giUQgz7wXMVCcdYFsoLC9/O8UK/tV/c/9k=","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/14b42/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg","srcSet":"/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/f836f/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg 200w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/2244e/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg 400w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/14b42/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg 800w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/47498/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg 1200w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/0e329/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg 1600w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/15f9c/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.jpg 3611w","srcWebp":"/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/58556/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/61e93/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp 200w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/1f5c5/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp 400w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/58556/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp 800w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/99238/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp 1200w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/7c22d/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp 1600w,\n/static/6d462b5f9b176d1ff428abb536cff6f4/328de/736874bd076a253af4b1b11e3430d702.webp 3611w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2620-markdown","title":"Cannabis Terpenes Pack a Therapeutic Punch","slug":"cannabis-terpenes-pack-a-therapeutic-punch","content":"While cannabinoids get a lot of the attention, people are beginning to understand the huge impact that terpenes can have on many aspects of the medicinal marijuana experience. In this article, part of our series geared towards folks new to cannabis, we’ll go over why terpenes can be the most important factor in choosing the right cannabis strains for you.\r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\r\n\r\n### What Are Terpenes? \t\r\n\r\n[Terpenes are the compounds in cannabis that are responsible for the smell and taste of the plant](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/562948683138320006d70000/terpenes-that-augment-the-healing-power-of-cannabis). Unlike cannabinoids, terpenes aren’t unique to cannabis, but are also found in many fruits and herbs. These flavorful and scent-producing chemicals are not only responsible for all of the variety in aroma and taste that consumers experience with cannabis, but they’ve also been shown to be therapeutically helpful, influencing the way cannabis affects us.\r\n\r\nIn fact, research suggests that [terpenes can serve as the biggest chemical factor in the experiential differences between cannabis strains](https://www.fundacion-canna.es/en/variations-terpene-profiles-different-strains-cannabis-sativa-l). Like cannabinoids, [these chemicals are subject to the entourage effect](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56d0f3acbbf86b000b0000ae/what-is-the-entourage-effect). This means they interact with each other, and can thereby produce different effects depending on the other cannabinoids and terpenes they’re used in combination with.\r\n\r\nThat said, it’s crucial that you understand the effects of the most common terpenes so that you can make informed choices about the cannabis you consume. Here are a few of the main terpenes that are important to get to know.\r\n\r\nRELATED: [WHAT ARE TERPENES & WHAT IS THEIR EFFECT?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56e359576d0ed000080000ba/what-are-terpenes-and-what-is-their-effect)\r\n\r\n### Myrcene\r\n\r\nMyrcene is the most common terpene found in cannabis. This terpene is also found in mangoes, bay leaves, thyme, lemongrass and hops. With a spicy, earthy, skunky aroma and flavor, myrcene is known for its ability to:\r\n\r\n* reduce pain\r\n* help with depression and anxiety\r\n* decrease inflammation\r\n* fight bacteria\r\n* improve sleep\r\n\r\nMyrcene is also a big determinant of whether a strain is energizing or sedative. If a marijuana strain has more than 0.5% myrcene, it will be sedative in nature, but if it has lower percentages of the terpene, it will be more energizing. \r\n\r\n### Limonene \r\n\r\n[Limonene, the second most common terpene, can be identified by its strong citrus aroma](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/574dfd85aa9671000c00004b/limonene-the-uplifting-citrusy-terpene); it’s found in the peel of many citrus fruits This terpene has been shown to help with gastrointestinal issues such as gastric reflux and ulcers. Limonene may also help:\r\n\r\n* fight bacterial infections\r\n* stimulate the immune system\r\n* suppress the growth of tumors\r\n* stimulate appetite\r\n* ease depression and anxiety\r\n\r\n### Caryophyllene\r\n\r\nCaryophyllene is another common terpene that’s found in most strains of cannabis. Also found in cloves and black pepper, this terpene brings the same peppery, earthy aromas you’d find in cloves, pepper, cinnamon or nutmeg. [Caryophyllene is the only terpene known to act on the endocannabinoid system](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56e359576d0ed000080000ba/what-are-terpenes-and-what-is-their-effect)—by binding to the CB2 receptor, it can help:\r\n\r\n* ease anxiety\r\n* reduce inflammation\r\n* alleviate pain\r\n\r\n### Linalool \r\n\r\nLinalool is the terpene responsible for the fragrant lavender or rose scent found in some cannabis strains. Also present in lavender, mint, citrus and a wide variety of other plants, linalool:\r\n\r\n* is a potent pain-reliever\r\n* has anti-seizure properties\r\n* can help with depression and anxiety\r\n* alleviate insomnia\r\n\r\n### Pinene\r\n\r\nAlso found in pine needles, pinene is the terpene that gives some cannabis strains their fresh pine-like aroma. Pinene is a bronchodilator, so it can even help reduce the severity of an asthma attack. This energizing terpene can also:\r\n\r\n* help improve focus and memory\r\n* act an anti-inflammatory\r\n\r\n### Humulene \r\n\r\nHumulene is the terpene that gives cannabis its woody, spicy, herbal aroma. Found in hops, as well as cannabis, humulene can:\r\n\r\n* reduce pain and inflammation\r\n* suppress appetite\r\n* act as an antioxidant\r\n\r\n### Using Cannabis Terpenes to Treat Your Symptoms or Condition \r\n\r\nWe’ve called out just a handful of some of the most common and plentiful of terpenes. To date, over 100 terpenes have been identified in cannabis plants. Understanding these terpenes can aid greatly in determining what cannabis strains may be most helpful in treating your symptoms or conditions. When you try out new strains, you can check the test results to see which terpenes are present in higher concentrations so as to make an informed decision about whether it’s right for you. \r\n\r\nEven when terpene test results aren’t available, you can sniff out these terpenes. That citrusy-smelling bud is sure to be high in limonene, while that sweet, skunky flower is probably packing a fair bit of myrcene. By noticing how your favorite—and least favorite—marijuana strains smell, you’ll learn to predict whether a strain will work well for you. \r\n\r\nIn the next installment of our Cannabis for Newbies guide, we’ll move onto another important topic: how growing methods—indoor, outdoor and greenhouse—affect your cannabis products.\r\n\r\nPhoto credit: [David Gach](https://www.flickr.com/photos/129410009@N08/)\r\n\r\nNeed a medical marijuana recommendation? [Consult with one of HelloMD’s knowledgeable doctors](https://www.hellomd.com/); it's easy, private and 100% online.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/14b42/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg","srcSet":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/f836f/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/2244e/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 400w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/14b42/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 800w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/47498/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 1200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/0e329/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 1600w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/0fb1f/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 1862w","srcWebp":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/58556/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/61e93/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/1f5c5/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 400w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/58556/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 800w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/99238/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 1200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/7c22d/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 1600w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/dc633/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 1862w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2222-markdown","title":"What Are Terpenes and What Is Their Effect?","slug":"what-are-terpenes-and-what-is-their-effect","content":"The distinctive flavors and smells are one of the most striking\nqualities of marijuana, and it varies between strains. The flavors and\nsmells are produced by terpenes, which are small molecules with\nrepeating units of the organic compound isoprene. Terpenes are\nmanufactured inside specialized hairs, called trichomes, located on the\nsurface of the leaves and stems of the plant, and they account for 5-10\npercent of the total essential oils produced by trichomes; in fact,\nterpenes are found in all plants to varying degrees.\n\nMore than 100 different terpenes have been identified in marijuana, and\nthese terpene profiles can vary from strain to strain. Terpene profiling\n-- the process of determining the types and quantities of terpenes\npresent in a plant -- is thought to be one of the most accurate ways to\ndistinguish between marijuana strains. Various factors influence the\nratio of terpenes present in marijuana, including strain, environment,\ncultivation and degree of plant degradation.\n\n**The Role of Terpenes**\n\nTerpenes are functionally diverse, and many are integral to marijuana's\ngrowth and survival. They attract pollinators, repel harmful insects,\ndeter herbivores, protect against bacteria and fungi, and act as\nprecursors for more complex molecules, such as cannabinoids. Many\nterpenes interact with other types of terpenes, and some assist or\ninhibit the formation of different compounds within the marijuana plant.\n\n**Primary Terpenes**\n\nTerpenes can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on their\nrole: Primary terpenes are essential for plant growth and development,\nwhile secondary terpenes are involved in plant defenses. Following are\nsome of the primary terpenes found in marijuana:\n\n-   **Pinene** gives marijuana its earthy, pine-like flavor and spicy,\n    herbal notes. This terpene crosses the blood-brain barrier and\n    promotes memory retention and alertness by inhibiting the breakdown\n    of acetylcholinesterase, which is a chemical found in the brain. It\n    also acts as both a bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory.\n-   **Caryophyllene** has a peppery flavor and a spicy, earthy aroma\n    with citrus notes. It is the only terpene known to act on the\n    [endocannabinoid\n    system](https://hellomd.com/articles/is-your-endocannabinoid-system-in-balance),\n    which regulates a variety of physiological processes, including\n    [pain\n    sensation](https://hellomd.com/articles/marijuana-nips-pain-in-the-bud)\n    and\n    [inflammation](https://hellomd.com/articles/medical-marijuana-as-an-aid-against-inflammation).\n    Activation of the CB2 receptors by caryophyllene is instrumental in\n    enhancing marijuana's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.\n-   **Humulene** gives marijuana its robust, woody flavor and spicy,\n    herbal notes. This terpene possesses [anti-inflammatory\n    properties](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/the-powerful-anti-inflammatory-effects-of-cannabis)\n    and acts as an [appetite\n    suppressant](https://hellomd.com/articles/the-munchies-will-make-you-fat-right-think-again).\n-   **Linalool** has a floral flavor reminiscent of lavender, with the\n    addition of spicy overtones. It exhibits powerful analgesic and\n    [anti-seizure](https://hellomd.com/articles/epilepsy-relief-possible-through-medical-cannabis)\n    properties and is partly responsible for the sedative effects of\n    certain marijuana strains. It also has strong antibacterial,\n    anti-cancer and antifungal effects.\n-   **Myrcene** is the most common terpene found in marijuana, and it is\n    also present in bay, thyme, hops and lemongrass. This musky terpene\n    is a potent analgesic, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory, and its\n    concentration determines whether a strain has an energizing or\n    sedative effect. Strains containing more than 0.5 percent of myrcene\n    have a\n    [sedative](https://hellomd.com/articles/medical-marijuana-could-help-insomniacs-sleep-better)\n    effect, while strains containing less than 0.5 percent myrcene\n    produce an\n    [energizing](https://hellomd.com/articles/relief-from-fibromyalgia-symptoms-the-case-for-medical-marijuana) effect.\n-   **Terpinolene** has a woody flavor and is responsible for many of\n    the floral notes characteristic of Jack Herer varieties\n    of marijuana. It has been shown to exhibit\n    [antioxidant](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/are-hemp-seeds-a-superfood),\n    [anti-cancer](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/marijuana-found-to-shrink-aggressive-brain-cancer)\n    and\n    [sedative](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/no-longer-sleepless-in-seattle-medical-marijuana-eases-insomnia) properties.\n-   **Limonene** is most often found in sativa strains of marijuana and\n    has a citrus flavor reminiscent of oranges. It has antioxidant,\n    anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and it is known to\n    activate enzymes that stimulate the liver and increase bile flow,\n    which in turn aids digestion. Studies show that limonene can also\n    help treat\n    [anxiety](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/does-marijuana-ease-anxiety)\n    and\n    [depression](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/depression-sufferers-find-relief-in-medical-marijuana).\n\n**Secondary Terpenes**\n\nFollowing are some of the secondary terpenes found in marijuana:\n\n-   **Sabinene** has a woody flavor with spicy, peppery notes. It has\n    been shown to aid digestion, relieve\n    [arthritis](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-soothes-arthritis-pain)\n    and soothe skin conditions.\n-   **Phellandrene** is known for its peppermint flavor, with slight\n    citrus notes. It possesses\n    [antidepressant](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/depression-sufferers-find-relief-in-medical-marijuana).\n-   **Borneol** has a minty aroma and is found in high concentrations in\n    herbs such as rosemary and mint. It has both anti-inflammatory and\n    [analgesic](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/how-thc-and-cbd-work-to-fight-pain) effects.\n-   **Isoborneol** has a sweet and musty flavor; also found in mugwort,\n    isoborneol exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial\n    properties, and it inhibits the herpes simplex type 1 virus, which\n    causes cold sores.\n-   **Phytol** results from the breakdown of a green pigment\n    called chlorophyll. It has a floral, balsamic flavor and\n    demonstrates sedative and\n    [anti-anxiety](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/does-marijuana-ease-anxiety)\n    effects through inhibiting the activity of an enzyme that degrades\n    GABA, which is a chemical found in the brain.\n\n**The Entourage Effect**\n\nThe medicinal effects of terpenes are due in part to their interactions\nwith cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol\n(THC). [Research](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/)\nconducted by Ethan Russo, MD and published in the British Journal of\nPharmacology in August 2011, reveals that terpenes mediate the\nphysiological and psychoactive effects of cannabinoids: a phenomenon\ntermed the [entourage\neffect](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/what-is-the-entourage-effect).\nThis may help to explain why the effects of synthetic cannabinoids --\nchemicals made to mimic the effects of naturally occurring cannabinoids\n-- differ from those of smoking or ingesting the whole marijuana plant\nand why different strains of the marijuana plant differ in their\neffects.\n\nThe primary and secondary terpenes in marijuana exhibit a variety of\naromas, flavors and medicinal benefits. Understanding the differences\nbetween the different types of terpenes make choosing a suitable strain\nof marijuana easier.\n\n[Photo Credit](https://www.flickr.com/photos/mindwhisperings/3202191448/in/photolist-5SY4Xo-8n6c7h-9kh3bS-p5UBJC-9iSR3f-oxTr4v-9rHh47-aaQcLJ-9rEiVB-9rEiTF-dQTKqM-4X5eAv-9rEiWz-6dnEaq-iCzjGK-fTq6wD-9rHh9W-7mSznR-4oThFo-5C16rF-P15Sc-kVXmSg-4TkU8v-8s8NiE-7C2C2K-hmjD7N-9L5jVV-HUhxF-as8xvv-6nphvT-62YzRN-6F6z28-2tiLf-dezxSJ-fch9VE-5J3N14-3ZHPK-3ZHQq-oxqQQR-pQgnHR-5ugN1D-rAiAvY-63oMZY-3ZHN5-nVfH1y-dawLt2-qqpVLu-abv6JW-qYY4AW-3ZHP2)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.4705882352941178,"src":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/ee604/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png","srcSet":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/69585/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 200w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/497c6/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 400w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/ee604/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 800w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/a4253/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 969w","srcWebp":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/58556/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/61e93/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 200w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/1f5c5/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 400w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/58556/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 800w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/c7cd9/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 969w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":0,"numPages":1,"currentPage":1,"id":5362,"name":"Humulene","slug":"humulene","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}