{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/linalool/","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_2822-markdown","title":"3 Popular Questions About Marijuana & Terpenes Answered","slug":"3-popular-questions-about-marijuana-and-terpenes-answered","content":"If you’re up on your cannabis science, you probably already know about cannabinoids: powerful marijuana compounds that can address so much—from anxiety to pain to insomnia. You’re also likely familiar with the two most famous cannabinoids: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). \n\nWhile most of the material out there about marijuana talks about cannabinoids, the plant also contains other chemicals that researchers now think may be just as important in terms of cannabis’s medicinal power: terpenes. \n\nTerpenes are oils produced by the resin glands of many different plants, herbs, fruits, vegetables and cannabis. Terpenes are what give plants their distinct aromas and tastes. They’re also the main ingredient in essential oils and one terpene, [linalool, is widely used to scent shampoos, soaps and lotions](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5ab482e6f24d1300077ccb99/know-your-cannabis-terpenes-linalool). \n\nTerpenes are even found in everyday household items. Do you have lemon-scented cleaning products at home? The lemon smell is probably due to [a terpene called limonene](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a8e1261f24d1300077ccb5b/know-your-cannabis-terpenes-limonene). \n\nScientists now think that terpenes in marijuana have medicinal applications on their own and that they work with cannabinoids to boost their positive effects. For example, linalool is shown to help with anxiety, stress and seizures. Meanwhile limonene targets depression, bacterial infections and lack of appetite. \n\nSo, what exactly are terpenes? Why are they important? What health conditions can certain terpenes address? What cannabis strains have which terpenes? Here are our three of our most popular questions about terpenes and marijuana. These Q&As come from our [Answers] page where anyone can post a cannabis question, and knowledgeable members of our community give well-informed answers to help you make the best decisions when it comes to taking cannabis to improve your health.  \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Q: What are terpenes? Do they matter?\n\nAnswer: \n\n`embed: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhwdpxWJJL8`\n\n[Read more answers to this question](https://www.hellomd.com/answers/57cdf315a5b652000797f918/what-are-terpenes-do-they-matter).\n\n### Q: What is the difference between cannabinoids and terpenes?\n**_I hear people talk about cannabinoids and I know a little bit about CBD and THC, mainly the difference between them. But what is the difference between terpenes and cannabinoids and why should I care? My budtender has never mentioned terpenes to me when I buy flower from him._**\n\nAnswer: [@mark](https://www.hellomd.com/people/55284b4a6262650003140000/mark) Cannabinoids and terpenes are found in every strain of marijuana and it’s these synergistic elements that create the entourage effect. This means we know that when cannabinoids work in conjunction with terpenes that the sum of the whole is greater than the individual parts. Some argue that when you divorce one element from the rest, that the medicine becomes less effective. No doubt, cannabinoids seem to have a much higher profile in the dialogue surrounding cannabis. This is due to the fact that cannabinoids are more known to create a certain effect such as CBD is a known anti- inflammatory or THC can often treat insomnia by helping you sleep.\n\nTerpenes, however, are connected to the overall aroma and the individual flavors you may taste when you smoke. It’s due to this that terpenes are more often discussed when we are talking about flower, rather than, say, a sublingual spray. Terpenes come from the oils on the cannabis plant and each one yields a different flavor which is why some may be minty and yet others taste like citrus. \n\nThe synergy that happens between cannabinoids and terpenes relate back to the endocannabinoid system in our body. This is the system that is literally built to receive cannabinoids. So, for instance when you inhale THC this binds to unique receptors in your brain stimulating a certain effect. Likewise, terpenes have their own effect. A well-known terpene limonene is known to create a happier mood and decrease a feeling of depression (for some).\n\nThe bottom line is that both are important even though terpenes may be lesser known and not talked about as much. Cannabinoids and terpenes work hand in hand it seems. If you are really interested in knowing what terpenes are in your flower most lab test will reveal this.\n\nRELATED: [CANNABIS TERPENES PACK A THERAPEUTIC PUNCH](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a99e9f4f24d1300077ccb6f/cannabis-terpenes-pack-a-therapeutic-punch)\n\n### Q: What is linalool and is it something I should look for in the cannabis that I buy?\n\nAnswer: [@RyanG](https://www.hellomd.com/people/5978f93daa0db4145a24da3f/ryang) Linalool is the terpene that’s responsible for having the fragrant lavender and rose scent. It has lots of medical benefits such as alleviating insomnia, reducing anxiety, and it has anti-seizure properties. Linalool is also a powerful analgesic, “it works with cannabinoid compounds, particularly CBD, to modulate pain signals in the brain and reduce the body’s stress responses when pain occurs.” (See article below)\n\nLinalool can be very beneficial for someone that suffers from anxiety, insomnia, seizures, along with many other illnesses. While not all dispensaries/delivery services display the full testing details of their flower inventory, there are some that will show lab results that include terpenes. But, if your local dispensary/delivery services don’t do that, you’ll want to look in to strains that have a lavender or rose like aroma. That’s an indication that linalool may be present for that particular strain.\n\nFor more information on linalool, check out this awesome article by [@jeanmckinney](https://www.hellomd.com/people/599f1411dade6e1cbdf1053e/jeanmckinney):\nhttps://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5ab482e6f24d1300077ccb99/know-your-cannabis-terpenes-linalool\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5b8882d88dd0720008373fcf/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-to-about-marijuana) index of articles. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDABALDA4MChAODQ4SERATGCgaGBYWGDEjJR0oOjM9PDkzODdASFxOQERXRTc4UG1RV19iZ2hnPk1xeXBkeFxlZ2P/2wBDARESEhgVGC8aGi9jQjhCY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2P/wgARCAAOABQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFgABAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwQA/8QAFgEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAC/9oADAMBAAIQAxAAAAEGhrZdJsv/xAAbEAACAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgADERITQf/aAAgBAQABBQJKxUd3yGcztPA6Af/EABURAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEQ/9oACAEDAQE/ASf/xAAXEQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACEBFB/9oACAECAQE/ASur/8QAGxAAAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERIQIQIjL/2gAIAQEABj8Ct9C15FkqkiGf/8QAGxABAAIDAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQARITFBYfD/2gAIAQEAAT8h33prUS2Z1CV97yBDJW+MW2EC6IETV35n/9oADAMBAAIAAwAAABBzz//EABcRAAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIUH/2gAIAQMBAT8QZYQ//8QAFxEBAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERIf/aAAgBAgEBPxCFjX//xAAcEAEBAAIDAQEAAAAAAAAAAAABEQAhMUHRcYH/2gAIAQEAAT8QuAdAHSzj3EqVSENvuNlVoQ7jrWCOYFhTvDDD9j5f3EYtVLveP//Z","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/14b42/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.jpg","srcSet":"/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/f836f/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.jpg 200w,\n/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/2244e/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.jpg 400w,\n/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/14b42/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.jpg 800w,\n/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/bcf81/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.jpg 1136w","srcWebp":"/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/58556/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/61e93/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.webp 200w,\n/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/1f5c5/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.webp 400w,\n/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/58556/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.webp 800w,\n/static/57aa834e961c6cdca6a32c8702afd50e/4c232/2b5c18ef356a0495b13e6488b84b74d2.webp 1136w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2603-markdown","title":"Know Your Cannabis Terpenes: Linalool","slug":"know-your-cannabis-terpenes-linalool","content":"The flowery, spicy scent of linalool infuses shampoos, soaps and candles, and gives lavender oil its soothing, calming effects. Linalool is a terpene produced by over 200 species of plants around the world, including cannabis—and now, research reveals that its potent healing properties can enhance the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannbinol (THC) and other cannabis compounds.\n\n### What Are Terpenes?\n\nTerpenes are fragrant oils produced by the resin glands of many plants and are responsible for the distinctive taste and pleasant scents of fruits, several flowers and other products. But science also shows us that terpenes contain compounds that can affect many systems in the body to boost immunity, relieve pain as well as produce a long list of other positive healthful effects. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\nThe cannabis plant is estimated to have more than 200 different terpenes, and since research on marijuana terpenes is relatively new, more may be discovered. Terpenes and cannabinoids interact in a variety of complex ways, which helps explain why different cannabis strains can have different effects, even though they might contain fairly equivalent amounts of dominant cannabinoids like CBD or THC.  \n\n### Linalool: A Healing Cannabis Terpene\n\nAlong with limonene and myrcene, [linolool](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Linalool#section=Interactions) is a fairly well-studied cannabis terpene, even though few strains—mainly indicas—contain it in very high amounts. Linalool adds a light floral scent and spicy taste to marijuana when smoked or added to edibles, but its [healing effects are far more significant](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244484974_Linalool_in_Essential_Plant_Oils_Pharmacological_Effects), both on their own and in combination with other marijuana compounds. \n\nThe human body contains many receptor systems, which respond to chemicals produced within the body and similar ones from outside sources. A few of those are:\n\n* The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is responsible for the body’s responses to cannabis \n* The opioidergic system, which responds to natural opioids like endorphins as well as opioid medications like OxyContin \n* The dopaminergic system, which is triggered by dopamine, the feel-good chemical associated with pleasure and reward \n\nLinalool affects receptors in all of these systems as well as others related to immune responses and pain. The terpene has been shown in some folks to:\n\n* Reduce anxiety\n* Relieve depression and pain\n* Support the immune system\n* Prevent seizures\n\n### Linalool Calms & Soothes\n\nFor centuries, lavender oil has been used to calm anxiety and relieve emotional distress—and linalool is the reason. Linalool has the most powerful sedative effect of all known terpenes.\nIn cannabis, it enhances the anti-anxiety effects of CBD and can reduce the anxiety often caused by high levels of THC in some strains. Because of its effect on the dopaminergic system, linalool has antidepressant qualities of its own and also boosts the effectiveness of CBD in the central nervous system.\n\n### Linalool May Strengthen the Immune System  \n\nCannabinoids affect the ECS’s action on immune responses. Linalool not only enhances the anti-inflammatory properties of CBD, it also has immune-boosting properties of its own. Some research suggests that [linalool can inhibit the development of cancerous tumors](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691036/) and ease the symptoms of a variety of autoimmune disorders. \n\n### Linalool Can Help Prevent Seizures\n\nResearch has shown that cannabis can be an effective treatment for epilepsy, even for severe forms of the disease that don’t respond to other treatments. It’s believed that linalool may be one reason for its effectiveness. Recent studies show that [linalool as an essential oil can reduce seizure activity](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3684096/) as well as the severity of seizures when they occur.  \n\n### Linalool Can Support Your Body’s Pain Response\n\nMany people turn to cannabis for pain relief, because cannabis products of all kinds have been shown to play a role in the ECS’s action on pain signaling. Linalool has analgesic qualities of its own, and [research suggests that it works with cannabinoid compounds, particularly CBD](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12587692), to modulate pain signals in the brain and reduce the body’s stress responses when pain occurs.\n\n### How to Use Linalool\n\nLinalool has been called a minor terpene, because it usually occurs only in small amounts in many cannabis strains. That said, it’s high in the terpene profile of several indica strains such as Amnesia Haze and Lavender. Linalool can also be found in cannabis products such as salves, ointment and creams; you can also add it yourself to your favorite marijuana-infused product. Linalool extract can also be inhaled or applied directly to the skin. \n\nLike other terpenes, linalool breaks down under very high heat in dabbing or smoking cannabis, so that it releases [toxic fumes and carcinogens such as acrylamide](https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+645). And although linalool is generally safe to use on the skin as an extract or in creams and ointments, [it can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/linalool) in some people. \n\nTerpenes provide fragrance and flavor in cannabis products of all kinds. They also add nuance and complexity to the healing properties of THC, CBD and other cannabinoids. Although research on the many cannabis terpenes is still relatively new, studies confirm that linalool, the so-called minor terpene, has major health benefits on its own—and in partnership with other healing compounds in cannabis.\n\nPhoto credit: [Eddie Garcia](https://unsplash.com/@eddiegarcia)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/14b42/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg","srcSet":"/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/f836f/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg 200w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/2244e/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg 400w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/14b42/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg 800w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/47498/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg 1200w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/0e329/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg 1600w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/d50ff/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.jpg 2270w","srcWebp":"/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/58556/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/61e93/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp 200w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/1f5c5/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp 400w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/58556/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp 800w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/99238/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp 1200w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/7c22d/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp 1600w,\n/static/42cdd0e74310a3ad04c001b4324c8aae/0fbd8/a6521b6bc102408e8743106bdf0148a4.webp 2270w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2620-markdown","title":"Cannabis Terpenes Pack a Therapeutic Punch","slug":"cannabis-terpenes-pack-a-therapeutic-punch","content":"While cannabinoids get a lot of the attention, people are beginning to understand the huge impact that terpenes can have on many aspects of the medicinal marijuana experience. In this article, part of our series geared towards folks new to cannabis, we’ll go over why terpenes can be the most important factor in choosing the right cannabis strains for you.\r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\r\n\r\n### What Are Terpenes? \t\r\n\r\n[Terpenes are the compounds in cannabis that are responsible for the smell and taste of the plant](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/562948683138320006d70000/terpenes-that-augment-the-healing-power-of-cannabis). Unlike cannabinoids, terpenes aren’t unique to cannabis, but are also found in many fruits and herbs. These flavorful and scent-producing chemicals are not only responsible for all of the variety in aroma and taste that consumers experience with cannabis, but they’ve also been shown to be therapeutically helpful, influencing the way cannabis affects us.\r\n\r\nIn fact, research suggests that [terpenes can serve as the biggest chemical factor in the experiential differences between cannabis strains](https://www.fundacion-canna.es/en/variations-terpene-profiles-different-strains-cannabis-sativa-l). Like cannabinoids, [these chemicals are subject to the entourage effect](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56d0f3acbbf86b000b0000ae/what-is-the-entourage-effect). This means they interact with each other, and can thereby produce different effects depending on the other cannabinoids and terpenes they’re used in combination with.\r\n\r\nThat said, it’s crucial that you understand the effects of the most common terpenes so that you can make informed choices about the cannabis you consume. Here are a few of the main terpenes that are important to get to know.\r\n\r\nRELATED: [WHAT ARE TERPENES & WHAT IS THEIR EFFECT?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56e359576d0ed000080000ba/what-are-terpenes-and-what-is-their-effect)\r\n\r\n### Myrcene\r\n\r\nMyrcene is the most common terpene found in cannabis. This terpene is also found in mangoes, bay leaves, thyme, lemongrass and hops. With a spicy, earthy, skunky aroma and flavor, myrcene is known for its ability to:\r\n\r\n* reduce pain\r\n* help with depression and anxiety\r\n* decrease inflammation\r\n* fight bacteria\r\n* improve sleep\r\n\r\nMyrcene is also a big determinant of whether a strain is energizing or sedative. If a marijuana strain has more than 0.5% myrcene, it will be sedative in nature, but if it has lower percentages of the terpene, it will be more energizing. \r\n\r\n### Limonene \r\n\r\n[Limonene, the second most common terpene, can be identified by its strong citrus aroma](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/574dfd85aa9671000c00004b/limonene-the-uplifting-citrusy-terpene); it’s found in the peel of many citrus fruits This terpene has been shown to help with gastrointestinal issues such as gastric reflux and ulcers. Limonene may also help:\r\n\r\n* fight bacterial infections\r\n* stimulate the immune system\r\n* suppress the growth of tumors\r\n* stimulate appetite\r\n* ease depression and anxiety\r\n\r\n### Caryophyllene\r\n\r\nCaryophyllene is another common terpene that’s found in most strains of cannabis. Also found in cloves and black pepper, this terpene brings the same peppery, earthy aromas you’d find in cloves, pepper, cinnamon or nutmeg. [Caryophyllene is the only terpene known to act on the endocannabinoid system](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56e359576d0ed000080000ba/what-are-terpenes-and-what-is-their-effect)—by binding to the CB2 receptor, it can help:\r\n\r\n* ease anxiety\r\n* reduce inflammation\r\n* alleviate pain\r\n\r\n### Linalool \r\n\r\nLinalool is the terpene responsible for the fragrant lavender or rose scent found in some cannabis strains. Also present in lavender, mint, citrus and a wide variety of other plants, linalool:\r\n\r\n* is a potent pain-reliever\r\n* has anti-seizure properties\r\n* can help with depression and anxiety\r\n* alleviate insomnia\r\n\r\n### Pinene\r\n\r\nAlso found in pine needles, pinene is the terpene that gives some cannabis strains their fresh pine-like aroma. Pinene is a bronchodilator, so it can even help reduce the severity of an asthma attack. This energizing terpene can also:\r\n\r\n* help improve focus and memory\r\n* act an anti-inflammatory\r\n\r\n### Humulene \r\n\r\nHumulene is the terpene that gives cannabis its woody, spicy, herbal aroma. Found in hops, as well as cannabis, humulene can:\r\n\r\n* reduce pain and inflammation\r\n* suppress appetite\r\n* act as an antioxidant\r\n\r\n### Using Cannabis Terpenes to Treat Your Symptoms or Condition \r\n\r\nWe’ve called out just a handful of some of the most common and plentiful of terpenes. To date, over 100 terpenes have been identified in cannabis plants. Understanding these terpenes can aid greatly in determining what cannabis strains may be most helpful in treating your symptoms or conditions. When you try out new strains, you can check the test results to see which terpenes are present in higher concentrations so as to make an informed decision about whether it’s right for you. \r\n\r\nEven when terpene test results aren’t available, you can sniff out these terpenes. That citrusy-smelling bud is sure to be high in limonene, while that sweet, skunky flower is probably packing a fair bit of myrcene. By noticing how your favorite—and least favorite—marijuana strains smell, you’ll learn to predict whether a strain will work well for you. \r\n\r\nIn the next installment of our Cannabis for Newbies guide, we’ll move onto another important topic: how growing methods—indoor, outdoor and greenhouse—affect your cannabis products.\r\n\r\nPhoto credit: [David Gach](https://www.flickr.com/photos/129410009@N08/)\r\n\r\nNeed a medical marijuana recommendation? [Consult with one of HelloMD’s knowledgeable doctors](https://www.hellomd.com/); it's easy, private and 100% online.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/14b42/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg","srcSet":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/f836f/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/2244e/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 400w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/14b42/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 800w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/47498/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 1200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/0e329/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 1600w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/0fb1f/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.jpg 1862w","srcWebp":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/58556/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/61e93/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/1f5c5/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 400w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/58556/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 800w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/99238/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 1200w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/7c22d/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 1600w,\n/static/68724c3ae879a4841a3d32c4b4dc8618/dc633/70558758d6c0a64a0db5b40f0bb4265a.webp 1862w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2222-markdown","title":"What Are Terpenes and What Is Their Effect?","slug":"what-are-terpenes-and-what-is-their-effect","content":"The distinctive flavors and smells are one of the most striking\nqualities of marijuana, and it varies between strains. The flavors and\nsmells are produced by terpenes, which are small molecules with\nrepeating units of the organic compound isoprene. Terpenes are\nmanufactured inside specialized hairs, called trichomes, located on the\nsurface of the leaves and stems of the plant, and they account for 5-10\npercent of the total essential oils produced by trichomes; in fact,\nterpenes are found in all plants to varying degrees.\n\nMore than 100 different terpenes have been identified in marijuana, and\nthese terpene profiles can vary from strain to strain. Terpene profiling\n-- the process of determining the types and quantities of terpenes\npresent in a plant -- is thought to be one of the most accurate ways to\ndistinguish between marijuana strains. Various factors influence the\nratio of terpenes present in marijuana, including strain, environment,\ncultivation and degree of plant degradation.\n\n**The Role of Terpenes**\n\nTerpenes are functionally diverse, and many are integral to marijuana's\ngrowth and survival. They attract pollinators, repel harmful insects,\ndeter herbivores, protect against bacteria and fungi, and act as\nprecursors for more complex molecules, such as cannabinoids. Many\nterpenes interact with other types of terpenes, and some assist or\ninhibit the formation of different compounds within the marijuana plant.\n\n**Primary Terpenes**\n\nTerpenes can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on their\nrole: Primary terpenes are essential for plant growth and development,\nwhile secondary terpenes are involved in plant defenses. Following are\nsome of the primary terpenes found in marijuana:\n\n-   **Pinene** gives marijuana its earthy, pine-like flavor and spicy,\n    herbal notes. This terpene crosses the blood-brain barrier and\n    promotes memory retention and alertness by inhibiting the breakdown\n    of acetylcholinesterase, which is a chemical found in the brain. It\n    also acts as both a bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory.\n-   **Caryophyllene** has a peppery flavor and a spicy, earthy aroma\n    with citrus notes. It is the only terpene known to act on the\n    [endocannabinoid\n    system](https://hellomd.com/articles/is-your-endocannabinoid-system-in-balance),\n    which regulates a variety of physiological processes, including\n    [pain\n    sensation](https://hellomd.com/articles/marijuana-nips-pain-in-the-bud)\n    and\n    [inflammation](https://hellomd.com/articles/medical-marijuana-as-an-aid-against-inflammation).\n    Activation of the CB2 receptors by caryophyllene is instrumental in\n    enhancing marijuana's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.\n-   **Humulene** gives marijuana its robust, woody flavor and spicy,\n    herbal notes. This terpene possesses [anti-inflammatory\n    properties](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/the-powerful-anti-inflammatory-effects-of-cannabis)\n    and acts as an [appetite\n    suppressant](https://hellomd.com/articles/the-munchies-will-make-you-fat-right-think-again).\n-   **Linalool** has a floral flavor reminiscent of lavender, with the\n    addition of spicy overtones. It exhibits powerful analgesic and\n    [anti-seizure](https://hellomd.com/articles/epilepsy-relief-possible-through-medical-cannabis)\n    properties and is partly responsible for the sedative effects of\n    certain marijuana strains. It also has strong antibacterial,\n    anti-cancer and antifungal effects.\n-   **Myrcene** is the most common terpene found in marijuana, and it is\n    also present in bay, thyme, hops and lemongrass. This musky terpene\n    is a potent analgesic, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory, and its\n    concentration determines whether a strain has an energizing or\n    sedative effect. Strains containing more than 0.5 percent of myrcene\n    have a\n    [sedative](https://hellomd.com/articles/medical-marijuana-could-help-insomniacs-sleep-better)\n    effect, while strains containing less than 0.5 percent myrcene\n    produce an\n    [energizing](https://hellomd.com/articles/relief-from-fibromyalgia-symptoms-the-case-for-medical-marijuana) effect.\n-   **Terpinolene** has a woody flavor and is responsible for many of\n    the floral notes characteristic of Jack Herer varieties\n    of marijuana. It has been shown to exhibit\n    [antioxidant](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/are-hemp-seeds-a-superfood),\n    [anti-cancer](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/marijuana-found-to-shrink-aggressive-brain-cancer)\n    and\n    [sedative](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/no-longer-sleepless-in-seattle-medical-marijuana-eases-insomnia) properties.\n-   **Limonene** is most often found in sativa strains of marijuana and\n    has a citrus flavor reminiscent of oranges. It has antioxidant,\n    anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and it is known to\n    activate enzymes that stimulate the liver and increase bile flow,\n    which in turn aids digestion. Studies show that limonene can also\n    help treat\n    [anxiety](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/does-marijuana-ease-anxiety)\n    and\n    [depression](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/depression-sufferers-find-relief-in-medical-marijuana).\n\n**Secondary Terpenes**\n\nFollowing are some of the secondary terpenes found in marijuana:\n\n-   **Sabinene** has a woody flavor with spicy, peppery notes. It has\n    been shown to aid digestion, relieve\n    [arthritis](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-soothes-arthritis-pain)\n    and soothe skin conditions.\n-   **Phellandrene** is known for its peppermint flavor, with slight\n    citrus notes. It possesses\n    [antidepressant](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/depression-sufferers-find-relief-in-medical-marijuana).\n-   **Borneol** has a minty aroma and is found in high concentrations in\n    herbs such as rosemary and mint. It has both anti-inflammatory and\n    [analgesic](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/how-thc-and-cbd-work-to-fight-pain) effects.\n-   **Isoborneol** has a sweet and musty flavor; also found in mugwort,\n    isoborneol exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial\n    properties, and it inhibits the herpes simplex type 1 virus, which\n    causes cold sores.\n-   **Phytol** results from the breakdown of a green pigment\n    called chlorophyll. It has a floral, balsamic flavor and\n    demonstrates sedative and\n    [anti-anxiety](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/does-marijuana-ease-anxiety)\n    effects through inhibiting the activity of an enzyme that degrades\n    GABA, which is a chemical found in the brain.\n\n**The Entourage Effect**\n\nThe medicinal effects of terpenes are due in part to their interactions\nwith cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol\n(THC). [Research](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/)\nconducted by Ethan Russo, MD and published in the British Journal of\nPharmacology in August 2011, reveals that terpenes mediate the\nphysiological and psychoactive effects of cannabinoids: a phenomenon\ntermed the [entourage\neffect](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/what-is-the-entourage-effect).\nThis may help to explain why the effects of synthetic cannabinoids --\nchemicals made to mimic the effects of naturally occurring cannabinoids\n-- differ from those of smoking or ingesting the whole marijuana plant\nand why different strains of the marijuana plant differ in their\neffects.\n\nThe primary and secondary terpenes in marijuana exhibit a variety of\naromas, flavors and medicinal benefits. Understanding the differences\nbetween the different types of terpenes make choosing a suitable strain\nof marijuana easier.\n\n[Photo Credit](https://www.flickr.com/photos/mindwhisperings/3202191448/in/photolist-5SY4Xo-8n6c7h-9kh3bS-p5UBJC-9iSR3f-oxTr4v-9rHh47-aaQcLJ-9rEiVB-9rEiTF-dQTKqM-4X5eAv-9rEiWz-6dnEaq-iCzjGK-fTq6wD-9rHh9W-7mSznR-4oThFo-5C16rF-P15Sc-kVXmSg-4TkU8v-8s8NiE-7C2C2K-hmjD7N-9L5jVV-HUhxF-as8xvv-6nphvT-62YzRN-6F6z28-2tiLf-dezxSJ-fch9VE-5J3N14-3ZHPK-3ZHQq-oxqQQR-pQgnHR-5ugN1D-rAiAvY-63oMZY-3ZHN5-nVfH1y-dawLt2-qqpVLu-abv6JW-qYY4AW-3ZHP2)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.4705882352941178,"src":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/ee604/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png","srcSet":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/69585/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 200w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/497c6/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 400w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/ee604/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 800w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/a4253/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.png 969w","srcWebp":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/58556/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/61e93/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 200w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/1f5c5/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 400w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/58556/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 800w,\n/static/9a4c5759398c1f0cf4d4bb602e683e40/c7cd9/33dc664e08b8641da97f6dca48afaa9a.webp 969w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":0,"numPages":1,"currentPage":1,"id":5448,"name":"Linalool","slug":"linalool","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}