{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/psychedelics/2","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_3640-markdown","title":"Plant Medicine: What Is It & Why Is It So Popular?","slug":"plant-medicine-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-so-popular","content":"### Everything old is new again\nIn a time when science and medicine are making such remarkable advances, it can seem counterintuitive that so many people are drawn to plant medicine. There are many reasons for this. Some are attracted by the idea of living a [plant-based life](https://www.forksoverknives.com/how-tos/plant-based-primer-beginners-guide-starting-plant-based-diet/) and are drawn to the opportunity to use whole and organic plants. Others find appeal in side-stepping a medical system that is overwhelming, expensive, prescriptive, and not always effective. Others find centuries of successful practices all the evidence they need--but it’s not all the evidence there is.\n\nThe western medical and psychiatric community is discovering what indigenous people have known for generations: plant medicine is powerful medicine. Studies confirm that plants can provide powerful therapy for cancer patients facing end-of-life issues, people struggling to access and process repressed memories, those with severe PTSD and even relatively healthy people who just want to increase their ability to focus during the work day.\n\nIf this sounds too left-of-center and you’re thinking that you’d prefer the latest pharmaceuticals over ancient plant medicines, remember: many of our most trusted conventional medications come from plants.\n\n### What is Plant Medicine\nMany medicines are made from plants. Valium is from the [valerian root.](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/valerian-root) Aspirin is from [willow bark.](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjh.14520) Morphine, opium, and codeine are from [poppies.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1767178/) You could be forgiven for thinking that almost all medicine is in some way plant medicine, but the term “plant medicine” is used to refer to plants that have medicinal properties in their natural form. There are lots of them!\n\nThe world of plant medicine includes everything from familiar kitchen plants like ginseng, shiitake, and turmeric to psychoactive plants like cannabis, psilocybin mushrooms, and the mixture of caapi (Banisteriopsis Caapi) and chacruna (Psychotria Viridis) used to brew ayahuasca. While the effects they give can be very different they have one thing in common: they offer opportunities for physical, psychological, and even spiritual healing. \n\n### Cannabis\nAfter common kitchen plants, cannabis is likely the plant medicine with which you are most familiar. It has pride of place in American popular culture and is legal and readily available in many states. It may be best known as a recreational psychoactive that gives people a feeling of euphoria, an altered state of mind, a distorted sense of time, and [a case of the munchies.](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/555828/bong-appetit-by-editors-of-munchies/) This is true, but it’s far from the whole truth.\n\nIn recent decades medical cannabis has come to full flower as a measurably effective and highly versatile therapeutic drug. Medical cannabis is the same plant as recreational cannabis and is consumed in all the expected ways. \n\nPeople diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy, Crohn's Disease, Glaucoma, Cancer and HIV/AIDS have had significant improvements in their symptoms and side effects after using medical cannabis.There is also a [growing body of study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966847/) supporting the idea that medical cannabis can be useful in treating a range of psychological disorders including ADHD, PTSD, social anxiety and depression.\n\nThis is great news if faced with big challenges, but it’s great news when faced with smaller challenges too.  Brands like [1906](https://1906newhighs.com/) offer “finely tuned combinations of select cannabis strains, with potent plant medicines” to create “highly functional formulas that help you do all the life stuff better.”  \n\n### Psilocybin Mushrooms\n\nPsilocybin, commonly known as magic mushrooms or ‘shrooms, contain a psychoactive substance that causes changes in perception, emotional shifts, visual distortions (halos, patterns, tracers), and an amplified sense of wonder and delight. \n\nLike cannabis, psilocybin mushrooms are recognized throughout popular culture as a popular recreational and medicinal drug. As with cannabis, recent studies and indigenous wisdom tell us this is only the beginning of the benefits. \n\nThere is a growing body of evidence that psilocybin is useful in treating psychiatric conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder, addiction, and depression, including end-of-life psychological issues. [“The general idea;\"](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/benefits-of-medical-mushrooms#The-state-of-psilocybin-research-) explains Dr. Matthew Johnson, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, “is that the nature of these disorders is a narrowed mental and behavioral repertoire. So, [psilocybin] in well-orchestrated sessions [has] the ability to essentially shake someone out of their routine to give a glimpse of a larger picture and create a mental plasticity with which people can step outside of those problems” While the psilocybin experience lasts only a few hours, the benefits appear to be extraordinarily long-lasting. \n\n[A 2020 study](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2772630) followed patients who were given two doses of psilocybin within a two-week period. 67% of the participants exhibited a more than 50% reduction in depression after only one week.  At the four-week mark, 71% of the patients exhibited a reduction in depression.  54% of those patients experienced such improvement that they were no longer diagnosed as depressed. “The magnitude of the effect we saw was about four times larger than what clinical trials have shown for traditional antidepressants on the market,” says [Alan Davis, PhD.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBy8lRuZDRI) \n\n[Cancer patients benefit from psilocybin, too.](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210962)  “There’ve been some [promising preliminary results](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0269881116675513) in the treatment of overwhelming existential anxiety in people who are facing the end of life, who have diagnoses of advanced-stage cancer,” says Dr. Charles Grob, in a [Healthline interview.](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/benefits-of-medical-mushrooms#Will-psilocybin-ever-be-approved-by-the-FDA?) Even [a single dose can have a dramatic and lasting positive effect that can ease the load for patients, and those who love them, during of life’s most difficult journeys.](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0269881116675513).\n\nYou don’t have to have lots of stress, or even lots of psilocybin, to benefit from this plant medicine.  Many healthy adults [microdose psilocybin in order to enhance their general sense of wellness.](https://thethirdwave.co/microdosing/) Taking a dose as small as 0.2-0.5 mg is not enough to cause an altered state of consciousness. (An experience like this would require a dose of 1-2.5 grams.) In fact, the psychoactive effects of the drug are barely, and often not at all, perceptible.  \n\n[Microdosers are more likely to notice an increased sense of happiness, creativity, focus, self-efficacy, motivation, social benefits](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617883/)  and a lessening in feelings of [anxiety and depression.](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2045125320950567)\n\nWhile research is still in the early stages, current findings are encouraging and there is no evidence of negative side effects. Psilocybin is [known to be safe for the body](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14615876/) and not addictive. Because tolerance to psilocybin builds quickly, thus diminishing the effects experienced by the user, it is not likely to become habit-forming for pleasure, either. They’re safe for the planet too.[It takes little land, water or energy to grow mushrooms.](https://ecfes.net/science/psilocybe-mushroom-microdosing-is-an-eco-friendly-therapy-backed-by-science/) When benefits so outweigh the costs, it’s a trip worth taking.\n\n### Ayahuasca\nAyahuasca is a thick, sludgy and bitter tea made from caapi vine (Banisteriopsis Caapi) and chacruna leaf (Psychotria Viridis). The plants, and the tea, are native to the Amazon where they were used by shamans in group ceremonies focused on social cohesion and intimate ceremonies for healing, divination and shamanic journeying. Many still seek out [ayahuasca ceremonies for personal and spiritual exploration.](https://hellomd.com/articles/how-ayahuasca-may-create-more-meaning-and-purpose-in-your-life-and-stop-depression)  \n\nResponses to ayahuasca are dramatic to the point of life-altering and include a host of physical and psychological effects.  [Physical effects include](https://thethirdwave.co/psychedelics/ayahuasca/) vomiting, hallucination, tingling, change in perception of body temperature, skin sensitivity, sensitivity to sound and touch. The psychological effects are more significant and the major area of interest when it comes to ayahuasca. They include improved personal insight, recovery of repressed memories and intensified memories of recent events as well as an [intense feeling of connectedness and enhanced sense of compassion.](https://www.laweekly.com/ayahuasca-can-change-your-life-as-long-as-youre-willing-to-puke-your-guts-out/)\n\nAnecdotally, to many people who have consumed the substance, it seems particularly useful in the treatment of [PTSD.](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/world/americas/psychedelics-therapy-war-stress.html) One use of ayahuasca has been described as [having 10 years of therapy packed in a single night](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/fashion/ayahuasca-a-strong-cup-of-tea.html)  and science would seem to support this. \n\nThe church of the [Uniao do Vegetal (Union of the plant)](https://udvusa.org/) drinks this tea in an act of communion. The congregations, which include many people who have experienced addiction, domestic violence, PTSD and other types of trauma, say that they have found lasting improvement as a result of both the community and the tea. \nCommunity is central to having a healthy ayahuasca experience according to experts.  Whether you take the tea with a group or in the company of an experienced guide, it is important that you do not do it alone. The reasons for this are both traditional and practical. It is useful to have a trustworthy spiritual, psychological and physical protector when you are in such a vulnerable state. \n\nRecent studies show that ayahuasca [has rapid antidepressant effects](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/rapid-antidepressant-effects-of-the-psychedelic-ayahuasca-in-treatmentresistant-depression-a-randomized-placebocontrolled-trial/E67A8A4BBE4F5F14DE8552DB9A0CBC97) , and that long-term use may help reduce [serotonin deficiencies which are suspected to be at the heart of alcoholism, depression, autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and senile dementia ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0163725804000464?via%3Dihub.)\n\nIf you are interested in trying ayahuasca, you will need to do research. It is currently illegal in the United States, except where allowed for religious purposes. The best way is to [find a reputable guide or retreat.](https://thethirdwave.co/retreats/ayahuasca/) You may find leads, [reviews,](https://www.vox.com/first-person/2018/2/19/16739386/ayahuasca-retreat-psychedelic-hallucination-meditation) and [videos](https://www.ayahuascafoundation.org/reviews/other-videos/ayahuasca-documentaries/)online. \n\n### Adaptogens\nIf ayahuasca is too wild, start with something more mild: adaptogens! These herbs, roots, fungi and leaves are non-psychoactive plant medicines that can help the body resist stress of all kinds. Examples include [Tulsi Basil](https://www.pharmaca.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=tulsi) which can reduce stress, anxiety and inflammation, [Reishi Mushrooms](https://www.pharmaca.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=reishi) which can improve sleep and reduce stress, [Turmeric](https://www.pharmaca.com/vitamins-supplements/herbal-supplements/individual-herbs/turmeric-curcumin) which has anti-inflammatory properties, and [Licorice](https://www.pharmaca.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=licorice) which amps up energy and endurance. \n\nAdaptogens have been used therapeutically for centuries and recognized by this name since the 1950s, but exciting things happen as a new generation explores plant medicine and finds new ways to incorporate them into a modern lifestyle. \n\n[MUD\\WTR](https://mudwtr.com/) for instance, offers a coffee substitute “consisting of organic ingredients lauded by cultures old and young...with 1/7th the caffeine of coffee and a blend of adaptogenic mushrooms the drink promises to give you “natural energy, focus and more without the jitters and crash.” \n\nSimilarly, boutique beauty and wellness brand, [Moon Juice](https://moonjuice.com/) offers adaptogenic supplements like [SuperYou](https://moonjuice.com/products/superyou) “a clinical strength blend of four potent adaptogenic herbs that help regulate cortisol to reduce the effects of stress.” They also offer a range of [Moon Dusts](https://moonjuice.com/pages/supplements#moon-dusts) which they describe as “alchemical blends of adaptogens, superherbs, supermushrooms and minerals designed to enhance your being throughout the day.\n\n### Functional Medicine\nIf the idea of plant medicine appeals but you’re not sure where to start, partnering with a Functional Medicine practitioner may open some doors.  According to Dr. Robin Berzin, founder and CEO of [Parsley Health,](https://www.parsleyhealth.com/) functional medicine, which utilizes both conventional and alternative forms of medicine, looks “at the body as an intelligent organism that can heal itself given the right support. \n\n“ This means optimizing food, identifying simple ways to change your lifestyle and using proven, plant-based supplements that can help you feel better now and prevent disease down the road.”  While a practitioner of Functional Medicine may be more likely to prescribe plant-based supplements and adaptogens, their open-minded approach and dedication to patient-practitioner partnership may leave them more open to treatment options like cannabis, psilocybin and even ayahuasca. \n\nWhether or not they are receptive it’s important to remember that you know your body and mind best and that you are your own most powerful advocate. If your own instinct, curiosity and research lead you to believe that plant medicine holds an answer for you, explore your options. Both ancient wisdom and modern science share your belief in the powerful potential of plant medicine.\n\n \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5151515151515151,"src":"/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/ee604/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.png","srcSet":"/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/69585/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.png 200w,\n/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/497c6/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.png 400w,\n/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/ee604/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.png 800w,\n/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/f3583/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.png 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/58556/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/61e93/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.webp 200w,\n/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/1f5c5/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.webp 400w,\n/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/58556/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.webp 800w,\n/static/c6f5afd0078886b4f89ca57d0da76a05/99238/55ce28dc6a17d31f3f5d25b15a9e8481.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3598-markdown","title":"Alternative and Emerging Treatments for Fibromyalgia - Could One Work for You?","slug":"alternative-and-emerging-treatments-for-fibromyalgia-could-one-work-for-you","content":"### What is Fibromyalgia?\n\nEven though up to [3% of the world’s population experiences fibromyalgia,](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41584-020-00506-w) effective treatment can be maddeningly hard to find. If you’re familiar with the fibromyalgia and the basics of treatment, you may want to go straight to reading about <alternative and emerging therapies for those living with fibromyalgia>  If you have recently been diagnosed or [suspect you have fibromyalgia.](http://images.slideplayer.com/15/4866911/slides/slide_7.jpg) Keep reading. The next few paragraphs can give you a basic lay of the land. \n\nFibromyalgia (FM) is different for everyone, but common symptoms can include [chronic widespread pain,](https://hellomd.com/articles/8-natural-ways-to-combat-chronic-pain) fatigue, sleep alterations, autonomic disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, hypersensitivity to external stimuli, somatic symptoms, and occasionally even psychiatric disorders. Because there is a wide range of possible symptoms and a vexing lack of biomarkers, patients may see a variety of specialists and be handed conflicting opinions before being given a fibromyalgia diagnosis. When that long, frustrating journey ends, another begins: that of finding effective relief.\n\nBecause the root cause of fibromyalgia remains unknown, treatment consists of [individualized and symptom-based plans that draw on a combination of medications and self-care strategies.](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fibromyalgia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354785)  \n\nCommon medications include over-the-counter pain relievers like Tylenol and Alieve, antidepressants like Cymbalta and Savella which can help with pain and fatigue, and anti-seizure drugs like Neurontin which can help with certain specific types of pain. \n\nTypical self-care techniques include talk therapy (CBT) which can help with pain and stress management. They may also include physical and occupational therapies focused on reducing physical stress and pain in the body. \n\nFor many, these options leave much to be desired. In fact, a [review of more than 224 clinical trials published in the  Journal of the American Medical Association](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2772354) concluded that “the effectiveness of most therapies for fibromyalgia was not supported.” According to this 2021 study, “Strong evidence supported only cognitive behavioral therapy for pain, as well as antidepressants and central nervous system depressants for pain and quality of life, but these associations were small.” When conventional treatment yields such lackluster results, it’s natural to want to supplement them with alternative and even experimental therapies. \n\n### Alternative and Emerging Therapies for Those Living With Fibromyalgia \n\n### Medical Cannabis\n[Recent study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29461346/) shows that medical cannabis can offer relief from the pain, anxiety, sleeplessness and tension of fibromyalgia with minimal adverse side effects. If you are of age and live in a state where adult-use marijuana is legal, you’ll be able to buy medical cannabis easily at a dispensary near you. In states where marijuana is legal only for medical use, you will need a medical card or other documentation from your doctor to purchase medical cannabis. \n\nIf you’ve experienced marijuana at some point in your life, then you have an idea of what to expect from medical cannabis. Though it is generally given more rigorous testing for purity and potency than recreational cannabis, it is the same plant.\n\nMedical cannabis, like recreational cannabis, contains both [THC (the chemicals that make you feel high)](https://hellomd.com/articles/is-more-thc-better-when-it-comes-to-cannabis-strains) and [CBD (the cannabinoid that help you relax, release tension, manage pain and sleep well).](https://hellomd.com/articles/what-is-cbd-and-how-can-it-help-me) Almost all cannabis is higher in THC than CBD though ratios will vary from strain to strain and product to product.\n\nMedical practitioners may suggest products with a 1:1 ratio of THC to CBD to manage pain. If you’d rather lessen the high you can look for products that are higher in CBD than THC or skip the high altogether with products that contain only CBD. Though, it is worth noting that most patients with chronic pain find that at least some THC is helpful in getting optimal relief. The best way to know what works for you is to try a few options and take note of the results. There are lots of ways to try it.\n\nMedical cannabis can be [consumed](https://hellomd.com/articles/5-ways-other-than-smoking-flower-to-consume-marijuana) as whole plant preparations, edibles, tinctures, gel caps, topicals and more. The budtenders at your dispensary can talk you through your options and help you find products that may suit your needs, although asking a medical cannabis doctor is always preferred. But it’s a good idea for you to [do a little research](https://hellomd.com/articles/3-popular-questions-about-marijuana-and-fibromyalgia-answered) before you go. If you're new to cannabis, always start with a low amount of THC, and go slow, as they say.\n\nOne of your best resources may well be [others who use medical cannabis to manage their fibromyalgia symptoms.](https://hellomd.com/articles/how-cannabis-eases-my-fibromyalgia-symptoms) If you go to a support group and know [people who use medical cannabis,](https://hellomd.com/articles/fibromyalgia-neuropathy-and-cannabis-adrions-success-story) ask them about their experience. Explore websites, newsletters, blogs and social media groups for first hand experiences with medical cannabis. What worked for others, might work for you too!\n\n### Psychedelics \nIn recent years psychedelics like [psilocybin](https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/psilocybin-research-looks-very-exciting.html) and MDMA (ecstasy) have been used to treat depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other psychiatric disorders. They do this by overriding and rewiring neural networks associated with symptoms like chronic pain.  If you can imagine chronic pain as a sound or video loop, then you can visualize psychedelics as a force that disrupts the loop. For fibromyalgia patients, this translates as a breaking cycle of chronic pain, at least for periods of time.\n\nA [recent article in Practical Pain Management](https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/psychological/psychedelics-chronic-pain-it-time) makes that point that though “clinical evidence for the use of psychedelic substances in chronic pain is limited, studies and case reports over the past 50 years have shown potential benefits in cancer pain, phantom limb pain, and cluster headache” which have symptoms and features in common with chronic pain and hold promise for those with fibromyalgia. \n\nIs an effective treatment for chronic pain waiting at the end of the next psychedelics study?  It’s early to tell, but early studies hint that there is potential here. It will be an exciting field to watch in the coming months and years. \n\n### Whole Body Cryotherapy\nA 2021 [article published in Advances in Rhumetology](https://advancesinrheumatology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42358-020-00159-z) claims Whole Body Cryotherapy (Yes, those freezing tanks popping up at all the local gyms, sports rehabilitation centers and spas) is “a fast acting and effective treatment for Fibromyalgia.” According to their study, participants who experienced Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC) saw a significant reduction in pain. When it comes to fibromyalgia treatment, that’s the name of the game.\n\nCryotherapy may sound like a space-age technology, but chances are, you’ve already experienced it in some form. Ever put an ice pack on a swollen ankle? That’s cryotherapy!  It works by reducing blood flow to the injured area. This reduces inflammation, swelling and the pain they cause. The ice pack also suppresses nerve activity which can temporarily relieve pain. \n\nAdvocates of WBC claim that it benefits everything from sports injuries to Alzheimer’s Disease. (The FDA, on the other hand, finds [no evidence that it benefits anything at all.)](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/whole-body-cryotherapy-wbc-cool-trend-lacks-evidence-poses-risks) [Empirical evidence](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956737/) however, demonstrates that WBC can relieve whole body pain, at least temporarily. According to [an article in the Journal Of Sports Medicine](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956737/) it does it by suppressing nerve activity, pretty much the same way your trusty ice pack did.\n\nIf you’re interested in incorporating WCB into your treatment plan, it won’t be difficult to find. WBC is widely available in gyms, sports rehabilitation facilities and spas. Experiences vary from place to place, but they generally consist of being in an ultra-cold (minus 200 - minus 300 Fahrenheit) enclosure for 2-4 minutes with very little protective clothing. If the cold sounds unappealing, here’s a warmer option to consider.\n\n### Infrared saunas\nFor centuries people have enjoyed the pain-relieving, endorphin-releasing [benefits of a little time in the sauna.](https://bengreenfieldfitness.com/article/biohacking-articles/science-of-sauna/) Today you can enjoy the same benefits, but without all that hot, dry air. Infrared saunas are here and they’re a game-changer for those with chronic pain,\n\nLike traditional saunas, infrared saunas deliver therapeutic heat to the body. Unlike traditional saunas, infrared saunas light to create heat directly in the body while the air around you remains cool. This makes infrared saunas appealing to those who can’t tolerate the extreme heat of traditional saunas.\n\n[The Mayo Clinic,](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/expert-answers/infrared-sauna/faq-20057954) reports that there is still insufficient study to determine if infrared saunas benefit those with chronic pain. “On the other hand,” they say, “no adverse effects have been reported with infrared saunas. So if you're considering trying a sauna for relaxation, an infrared sauna might be an option.”\n\nThere may be a lack of medical study in support of infrared saunas as therapy for chronic pain, but there is no lack of positive testimonials. Among the many singing their praises is Lady Gaga, who has been [very public about her struggles with fibromyalgia.](https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a30414700/lady-gaga-oprah-interview-psychotic-break-chronic-illness/) \n\nIn a [recent Instagram post](https://www.instagram.com/p/BM-GxxBBY_n/?utm_source=ig_embed) she wrote,”When my body goes into a spasm one thing I find really helps is infrared sauna. I've invested in one. They come in a large box form as well as a low coffin-like form and even some like electric blankets! You can also look around your community for a infrared sauna parlor or homeopathic center that has one.I combine this treatment with marley silver emergency blankets (seen in the photo) that trap in the heat and are very cheap, reusable and effective for detox as well as weight loss!\n\nIn order to not overheat my system and cause more inflammation Ifollow this with either a VERY cold bath, ice bath (if u can stand it, it's worth it) or the most environmentally savvy way is to keep many reusable cold packs in the freezer ( or frozen peas' n carrots'!) and pack them around the body in all areas of pain. Hope this helps some of you, it helps me to keep doing my passion, job and the things I love even on days when I feel like I can't get out of bed.”\n\nIf you’re interested in giving Gaga’s treatment a try, reach out to a local facility and schedule some time in their infrared sauna. If you find that it works for you, consider investing in a package of appointments, an [infrared blanket](https://wwd.com/shop/shop-beauty/best-infrared-blankets-1234672508/) or even a sauna of your own!  \n\n### Massage Therapy\nFor many years massage therapy has proven to be an effective component of fibromyalgia treatment plans. It’s famous for [decreasing stress hormones and raising serotonin levels which supports better sleep, improved mood and an overall sense of well being:](https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/massage/art-20045743) all things in short supply when fibromyalgia enters the picture.\n\nThere are many massage styles that have been particularly helpful to those living with FM.  Among them are swedish massage, hot stone therapy, passive stretching, sports massage, trigger point massage and myofascial release. All of these options have potential, but the last two have gotten a little extra attention in recent years.\n\n### Trigger Point Massage\nTrigger points are painful areas (or knots) located within the muscles. [Trigger point massage](https://health.clevelandclinic.org/knots-in-your-neck-how-to-try-a-trigger-point-massage-to-release-them/) uses finger pressure to deactivate these trigger points which can lessen pain over time.  Massage therapists report that people with fibromyalgia seem to have more trigger points than those without.  This leads them to believe that this style of massage may be particularly beneficial in treating all over body pain experienced by those with Fibromyalgia. Patient experiences seem to support this.\n\n### Myofascial Release\nThis style of massage applies gentle, sustained pressure onto connective tissues with the goal of relieving pain and restoring motion. Developed for people living with myofascial pain syndrome, this treatment has been used by massage therapists, chiropractors and physical therapists to help those with chronic headaches, [muscular pain](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/expert-answers/myofascial-release/faq-20058136) and even fibromyalgia.\n\n A study published in the International [Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124611) supports this connection. Their study concluded that only 15 minutes of manual massage focusing on connective tissues on the back of the neck “decreased the patients’ perception of pain, muscle fatigue, and the state of tension-anxiety” in women with fibromyalgia. \n\nTo get started, search for licensed massage therapists in your area. Look for therapists who are connected with clinics, mention treatment of fibromyalgia or list massage techniques that pique your curiosity. Read the reviews, speak to the therapist about your needs, make an appointment and give them a try!\n\n### Stay Curious\nWhile there is so much we still don’t know about fibromyalgia’s cause and cure, there is one thing we do know: patients and practitioners are searching tirelessly for answers. Studies are being conducted. Testimonials are being shared. New combinations and theories of treatment are being explored every day. So subscribe to blogs, join support groups, watch the news for developments, ask about new therapies and stay curious. It could put you in the path of a treatment that makes all the difference in the world.\n\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/ee604/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.png","srcSet":"/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/69585/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.png 200w,\n/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/497c6/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.png 400w,\n/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/ee604/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.png 800w,\n/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/f3583/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.png 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/58556/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/61e93/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.webp 200w,\n/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/1f5c5/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.webp 400w,\n/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/58556/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.webp 800w,\n/static/34d55fa4c2a38b2ef9dd3b2654b397ce/99238/ea899c9199541f4e24fb89c22d0f1046.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3172-markdown","title":"The Top 5 Health and Wellness Trends for 2021","slug":"the-top-5-health-and-wellness-trends-for-2021","content":"COVID-19 has gripped the world for much of 2020, transforming the way we work and live. But as people worldwide struggle to cope with the new stresses and challenges of life in coronavirus times, they're discovering new ways to get and stay healthy.  \n\nThe top 5 health and wellness trends for 2021 and beyond were born of necessity during the pandemic, but they're here to stay, with multiple benefits for body and mind. Bon voyage 2020, here's what you need to know about the future of health and wellness for 2021 and beyond:\n\n### 1. Telemedicine Transforms Healthcare\n\nAccording to the CDC, during the first quarter of 2020, the number of telemedicine appointments across the US increased by 50 percent.  By mid-year, that number had risen to 154 percent.\n\nTelemedicine – consulting with a doctor or other healthcare practitioner by phone or computer – has gradually been working its way into the medical mainstream, thanks to a larger digital revolution in healthcare that has introduced various tools for monitoring a patient's health from home.  \n\nSince March, new telehealth options have been helping millions of patients and doctors stay in touch, save time, and avoid risky contact during the pandemic. And many practitioners say it's even more effective than in-person appointments, even for people with more serious, chronic conditions.\n\nWearable device fitness and wellness trackers, like the Fitbit or Oura ring, also help make telehealth more relevant and user-friendly. These devices collect essential data about blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels and share them with doctors with the click of a mouse.  \n\nMore sophisticated \"digiceutical\" devices like glucose monitors and oximeters can help doctors manage severe diseases like diabetes and COPD from a distance.\n\nThe most recent surge in the use of telemedicine is within the realm of mental health.  [Recent statistics reveal](https://getstream.io/blog/telemedicine-statistics/) that in the months since January 2020, the number of people booking virtual mental health visits has increased by an average of 77 percent.\n\nThe rise of telemedicine has also produced niche services that focus on meeting a particular need or interest outside the medical mainstream. \n\nHolistic practices like [Parsley Health]( https://www.parsleyhealth.com)\n offer access to a community of practitioners through monthly plans that allow subscribers unlimited access to its services and at-home testing. Canada's [Gennev](https://gennev.com/) focuses on the health concerns of menopausal women with coaching, lifestyle advice, and more. And numerous medical cannabis sites such as [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) support people who use or want to try cannabis for a variety of health concerns.\n\n### 2. Psychedelics Meet Mainstream Medicine\n\nFor decades, psychedelic drugs like LSD, psilocybin (or \"magic mushrooms\"), and peyote were considered dangerous, mind-altering substances. But [recent research reveals](https://maps.org/news/media/7732-hellomd-maps-founder-rick-doblin-talks-psychedelics-mdma-the-fda) that these and other psychedelics can have powerful benefits for treating PTSD, depression, and other mental health issues. \n\nBacked by entities like the [Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Medicine](https://maps.org/)(MAPS) and the Canadian startup [Numinus Wellness](https://numinus.ca/), [MDMA](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/mdma:-coming-soon-to-a-therapist's-office-near-you)(3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine), a drug better known by the street names Molly and ecstasy, is rapidly becoming a vital tool in treating severe PTSD.  \n\nAlong with [MDMA-assisted therapy](https://www.verywellmind.com/psychedelic-therapy-how-does-it-work-5079161), other psychedelics are being investigated for their potential health benefits. Advocates of microdosing LSD, psilocybin, and other drugs say that taking minimal doses of these substances can help to improve mood and concentration without causing the altered consciousness of higher doses.  In that way, they can work in ways similar to pharmaceuticals for problems such as anxiety and depression without powerful prescription drugs' undesirable side effects.\n\n2021 holds great promise for the legalization of psilocybin and MDMA for clinically-assisted psychotherapy across North America.\n\n### 3. The Gut Microbiome: Your Second Brain\n\nIf you've experienced \"butterflies in the stomach\" before a stressful event you know the brain and the gut are somehow connected.  A [growing body of research](https://www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/things-your-gut-wants-you-to-know) is revealing just how close that connection is – and why this \"second brain\" in your stomach and intestines plays a crucial role in the health of body and mind.  \n\nWith functions ranging from breaking down foods and making essential nutrients available to the body as a whole, the gut is the key to maintaining energy, regulating hormones, boosting immunity, and more. \n\nAnd now, scientists are learning that the rich and complicated gut microbiome has some startling similarities to the brain – and those similarities help explain the connections between emotions and the digestive system.\n\nAntidepressants can often help to relieve the symptoms of bowel diseases like IBS and Crohn's disease. And conversely, changes in diet can sometimes benefit people with mood disorders like anxiety and depression. \n\nIt's estimated that 95 percent of the body's supply of the mood-boosting chemical serotonin production occurs within the small intestines, not the brain. Due to this, [supporting gut health](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/how-cannabis-can-keep-you-healthy-via-your-gut-microbiome) with a proper diet and supplements like pre-and probiotics, or cannabis. Eating fermented foods like kimchi or saurkraut is a good addition as are mushroom supplements which act as prebiotics to stimulate the growth of gut microbiota. \n\nAll of these can play an influential role in relieving common mental health issues and may boost the immune system for overall health.\n\nAs research continues to reveal new insights into the gut's microbiome, this \"second brain\" will become the focus of healthy wellness routines and lifestyle changes to promote mental and physical health in 2021 and beyond.\n\n### 4. Preventative Lifestyle: Maximizing Wellness\n\nThe pandemic has put a renewed focus on wellness, as people worldwide are working harder to get and stay healthy.  By mid-2020, the US was facing a shortage of bicycles – and online fitness apps and classes are at an all-time high as gyms remain closed, and people look for new ways to stay fit during lockdowns and quarantines.  \n\nThis \"preventative lifestyle\" also includes increased interest in cooking healthy meals at home and taking other steps to avoid illness, such as reducing stress, improving sleep, and adding key supplements such as Vitamin C, Vitamin D, zinc, and turmeric to the diet. \n\nAlthough many people adopted healthier habits during the pandemic out of necessity, these lifestyle changes have positive effects that will outlast the COVID-19 crisis – and committing to overall wellness is a key trend that will last far beyond the pandemic.\n\n### 5. Holistic, Conscious Parenting: Redefining Family\n\nFor millions of children globally, virtual learning has taken the place of classrooms, creating new issues for parents who may also be working from home.  Other stressors come with isolation from extended family, such as grandparents and other family members, who in the past may have helped more around the house.  \n\nThe pandemic has challenged parents with kids at home on every level. For many, it means embracing a more holistic parenting style that's less focused on [competition and achievement](https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/end-of-competitive-parenting-how-covid-brought-us-together) and more about children become healthy, happy individuals.  \n\nBecause parents and children are spending more time together than usual, they're finding new ways to bond as a family around shared activities and interests. That also allows parents to reevaluate their beliefs and values and develop new systems to make the family work.   As everyone returns to work and school, this kind of conscious parenting could continue to shape family dynamics well after the pandemic subsides.\n\nThe COVID crisis has had a lasting impact on public health, and changed the way people manage health and wellness in daily life.  The hottest trends for 2021 offer new ways to stay healthy in the new year – and beyond.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5151515151515151,"src":"/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/ee604/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.png","srcSet":"/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/69585/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.png 200w,\n/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/497c6/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.png 400w,\n/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/ee604/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.png 800w,\n/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/f3583/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.png 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/58556/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/61e93/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.webp 200w,\n/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/1f5c5/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.webp 400w,\n/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/58556/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.webp 800w,\n/static/5821bd2dc7a33bb56c8296472af911a4/99238/9af3b3621279404b687f4c3c875efee1.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3170-markdown","title":"The Essential Holiday Gift Guide: 4 Experience-Based Gifts to Celebrate the End of 2020","slug":"the-essential-holiday-gift-guide-4-experience-based-gifts-to-celebrate-the-end-of-2020","content":"As the holidays approach, we're entering the gift-giving season. But 2020 has been such an odd year, and it got us talking around the office, the Zoom office, that is. We asked ourselves what kind of gifts would be best for our friends and family? \n\nWe collectively thought it should be something with significance, especially since we may be celebrating at a distance. Our answer is to give experience-based gifts, something that will bring a smile to our loved one's faces and perhaps a lasting positive impact.\n\nWe published [4 Experience-Based Holiday Gift Ideas for An Unusual Holiday Season](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/4-experience-based-holiday-gifts-for-an-unusual-holiday-season), and we follow with some additional ideas to get your holiday gift-giving juices flowing.\n  \nHere are 4 more \"Experiential\" celebratory gifts to bring 2020 to a resounding close:\n\n![Hello4-min (22).png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Hello4_min_22_6ff20480bb.png)\n\n### 1. Give the Gift of a [Yoga Practice](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-and-yoga-a-match-made-in-heaven)\n\nSince the start of the pandemic, in-person yoga classes have been a thing of the past. If you miss the community vibe of getting your downward dog on, you can get the next best thing. Online yoga classes with a teacher who gets to know you. \n\nIt may not be the same as going to the yoga studio, but some yoga teachers, like [Nat Kendall](https://www.natkendall.com/), have the ability to create connections, busting down the Zoom barrier and create community.\n\nNat is a recording artist (he gets a good chant on in every class) and a devoted student of yoga. He shares his wisdom about yoga in a heartfelt and grounded practice that is accessible for beginners and challenging enough for long-time practitioners. \n\nNat's teachings pour through online practices in an inspired way. He also teaches the necessary techniques for good yogic form with insights that enlighten your spiritual path and yogic journey. \n\n![Hello3-min (20).png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Hello3_min_20_53d58621f1.png)\n\n### 2. Give the Gift of Microdosing: One-on-One Personal Coaching\n\n[Microdosing](https://www.hellomd.com/tag/microdosing) is all the rage for both cannabis and [psychedelics](https://www.hellomd.com/tag/psychedelics). It's the practice of consuming small amounts of a substance in a \"[sub-therapeutic, or sub-threshold](https://www.hellomd.com/articles/microdosing-a-better-way-to-take-cannabis), amounts so low that they wouldn’t produce the whole-body effect of a full dose, but high enough that a cellular response could be observed.\"\n\nNumerous health benefits come from microdosing cannabis or psychedelics. These benefits vary based on the substance. For <u>cannabis</u>, microdosing may help with **chronic pain**, **anxiety**, and **sleep**. With <u>psychedelics</u>, people have anecdotally reported that it helps **alleviate depression** and **anxiety** and may increase the feeling of **focus** and **creativity**. But, if you're new to either, how do you get started? \n\n[We think a personal coach](https://www.bliss-theory.com/) is a good entry point and a safe way to explore unchartered territory.\n\nAt different times, Pamela Hadfield, co-founder of HelloMD, [transformed her physical and mental health](https://www.bliss-theory.com/blog/tales-of-a-suburban-mom-microdosing-cannabis-for-my-migraines-and-then-lsd-for-depression) microdosing cannabis and then psychedelics. She's a well-known educator and advocate for alternative paths of wellness and has been featured in **Rolling Stone** and **Forbes magazine**.\n\nPamela is also the Founder of [Bliss Theory](https://www.bliss-theory.com/) where she offers [one-to-one coaching for women](https://www.bliss-theory.com/whats-bliss-theory). The Bliss Theory coaching philosophy is based on transformational thinking principles and step-by-step personalized guidance on microdosing cannabis and/or psychedelics. \n\n![4.png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/4_dc1721882f.png)\nChani's best-seller \"You Were Born for This\"\n\n### 3. Give the Gift of a Self Guided Astrological Reading\n\n[Chani Nicholas](https://chaninicholas.com/) is a Los Angeles-based, New York Times best-selling astrologer and author of You Were Born For This: Astrology for Radical Self-Acceptance (HarperOne, January 2020). She is AWESOME, and we love her book, which is the guide to all-things astrological.\n\nOK, here's the cool and the gift-giving part. You can go onto Chani's site and [input the birthdate details of the person](https://chart.chaninicholas.com/) you want to gift-give, and it pulls up all the relevant information for that specific chart. \n\nIn her book, \"Chani shows how your birth chart -- a snapshot of the sky at the moment you took your first breath -- reveals your unique talents, challenges, and opportunities.\" Fun! \n\n![Hello2-min (24).png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Hello2_min_24_79fb54d716.png)\n\n### 4. Give the Gift of Self Knowledge and Growth\n\n[One Commune](https://ww2.onecommune.com/) is the online spot for personal growth. Their online courses feature some of the most enlightened thinkers of our time, including Deepak Chopra, Russell Brand (an amazing thought leader on addiction and recovery), Marianna Williamson, and more. Whether you're looking for spiritual growth, optimal health, or a way to impact the world, there's a fascinating course waiting.\n\nHappy gift-giving from the HelloMD Team!\n\n### Get a Medical Marijuana Card Online\nIt's easy to get your medical marijuana document with the online [Telehealth service HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/get-started/). Register, pay, and receive an online medical consultation with a licensed practitioner and purchase medical cannabis today. You don't pay unless you're approved!","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/14b42/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.jpg","srcSet":"/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/f836f/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.jpg 200w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/2244e/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.jpg 400w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/14b42/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.jpg 800w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/47498/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.jpg 1200w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/2d2b9/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.jpg 1254w","srcWebp":"/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/58556/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/61e93/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.webp 200w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/1f5c5/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.webp 400w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/58556/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.webp 800w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/99238/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.webp 1200w,\n/static/02c6940835d162ce4e59ecc89e84b9c7/3c324/9ed3ef914499f27c5c312e8c541347a1.webp 1254w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3128-markdown","title":"How Ayahuasca May Create More Meaning and Purpose in Your Life, and Stop Depression","slug":"how-ayahuasca-may-create-more-meaning-and-purpose-in-your-life-and-stop-depression","content":"\"There are all kinds of ways to challenge ourselves. Some people do it by climbing a mountain or scuba diving. The most profound and challenging ordeal is to drink Ayahuasca. It is in a way the ultimate adventure.\" - Graham Hancock, British writer, and journalist\n\n### Silicon Valley Execs to Veterans with PTSD\n\nJim recently became the Founder of a psychedelics company within the nascent industry. When asked why he left the traditional tech world for psychedelics, he says, \n\n\"I started taking Ayahuasca in ceremonial settings a few years ago. The profound shift in my mental health and perspective made me wonder what I was doing with my life and career. At that point, I decided to dedicate myself to finding a way to allow everyone to have this mind-expanding experience, but in a legal framework, with effective drugs available in a prescription format. My belief is that we can effect big changes in mental health with smaller doses of these drugs. Today, I still consume Ayahuasca a couple of times a year, to \"reset\" my normal way of thinking.\"\n\nOver the past decade, people from all walks of life have begun the conversation about Ayahuasca. From corporate executives taking long boat rides into the Peruvian jungle for a vision quest to veterans seeking relief from PTSD, people are consuming Ayahuasca for a variety of reasons. Whether you seek to meet the [\"ultimate reality\"](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/experiences-of-ultimate-reality-or-god-confer-lasting-benefits-to-mental-health) or beat back anxiety and depression, Ayahuasca may deserve a closer look. \n\n### What Is Ayahuasca?\n\nKnown as the \"vine of the soul,\"  Ayahuasca has been used for therapeutic and spiritual purposes reportedly for centuries in South America before migrating more recently to North America. A tea or a thick sludgy brew, it is made from the leaves of the Psychotria Viridis shrub (or Diploptrerys Cabrerana) and the stalks of the Banisteriopsis Caapi vine. The consumption of Ayahuasca in folklore is that of an ancient tradition with the indigenous people of Peru, Guyana, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, and Ecuador, although there is no historical evidence to prove this.\n\nAyahuasca is most often consumed in a ceremonial setting where a shaman, curandero, or \"guide\" leads a group. The guide, often creates the Ayahuasca brew itself, which may vary in consistency, potency and plant matter. The bitter \"tea\" is a highly concentrated extract of the medicinal compounds which may be made over the course of several days and is, as a final step, strained to remove any impurities. Interestingly, similar to cannabis, there are different classifications of B. Caapi, with upwards of 20 different strains. According to the psychedelics site [Third Wave](https://thethirdwave.co/indigenous-ayahuasca/), the strains are identified by the \"type of soil they come from, the time of harvest, their spiritual value, and the types of visions they can incur, or healing they can facilitate.\"\n\nAyahuasca's main psychoactive component is DMT, or N, N-dimethyltryptamine,  a naturally occurring chemical that many believe is produced in small amounts within the human brain. In larger amounts however it is a potent hallucinogenic that dramatically alters perception and consciousness when consumed.\n\nProgressive institutions worldwide are studying Ayahuasca to discover how it may help people struggling with mental health disorders. Ayahuasca is known to [activate repressed memories](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773875/) which helps some people move past traumatic events. This may be why research centers including the [Beckley Foundation](https://www.beckleyfoundation.org/ayahuascadmt/), [MAPS](https://maps.org/research/ayahuasca) and the [Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research](https://hopkinspsychedelic.org/) at Johns Hopkins, are studying the effects of Ayahuasca on brain function as well as intractable depression, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction.\n\n### What Are Ayahuasca's Effects?\n\nThe main ingredients of Ayahuasca brew, Banisteriopsis Caapi and Psychotria Viridis, both have psychedelic properties. Ayahuasca as a liquid, is metabolized by the liver and absorbed through the stomach lining. Your stomach naturally contains enzymes that quickly breakdown DMT within your liver and gastrointestinal tract. \n\nFor this reason, Ayahuasca must contain monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs, which stop the breakdown of DMT gastrointestinal tract and stomach. The MAOIs within the vine Banisteriopsis Caapialso also happen to bring about the 'purge' (or vomiting) often associated with drinking Ayahuasca.  \n\nAyahuasca is a thick and bitter brew to drink and between 30 to 60 minutes after drinking may cause some of the following physical symptoms:\n- Bodily temperature fluctuation\n- Rapid heartbeat\n- Shivering and tingling\n- Intense nausea that may come and go\n- A feeling of irritability and discomfort\n- Higher diastolic blood pressure\n- Crying\n- Diarrhea\n- Vomiting\n\nAlthough the physical manifestations may seem unpleasant, they most likely will subside. As you descend into your trip, fractal hallucinations are very common, as are full-blown visions and lucid dreaming. Some people report seeing spirits, other worlds and reflect on the sense of being part of something bigger than the self. For many, drinking ayahuasca can create complete ego dissolution for the duration of the trip - anywhere from 4 to 6 hours.\n\nInitial observational studies indicate that people who consume the Amazonian brew may experience lasting positive impacts on their psychological health, from building more meaning and purpose to having a deeper connection with a \"higher power.\" However, the illicit status of Ayahuasca, also known as DMT, proves challenging for scientific study.\n\nWhen taken in controlled doses, it has been shown that [DMT significantly alters electrical brain activity](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191119075305.htm), creating changes that are different than the effects associated with other psychedelics, including LSD and psilocybin. [A study published in 2019](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51974-4) was the first to show how DMT impacts waking brain waves, causing subjects to experience an immersive \"waking-dream\". Those who take DMT, and more specifically, Ayahuasca, often report intense hallucinations and emotional experiences, leading to significant breakthroughs. As scientists describe this experience, \"it's like dreaming, but with your eyes open.\"\n\nAyahuasca has been shown to [modulate brain activity](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5895707/); neurotransmission, impacting key neurotransmitters; gene expression, target symptoms of PTSD, depression, etc.. It may even impact epigenetic regulation, targeting conditions in which cellular memory is dysregulated, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune conditions, and addiction. Initial studies indicate that Ayahuasca may also [support brain health](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ayahuasca#benefits), by protecting brain cells while stimulating cell growth.\n\n### Ayahuasca and Depression\n\nA 2018 study by Psychopharmacology illustrates how [Ayahuasca alters thinking style](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182612/), impacting areas such as judgment, reactivity, and ego dissolutiom. This suggests that consumers may experience greater acceptance of their thoughts and feelings upon taking Ayahuasca, specifically benefiting those with persistent negative, unhealthy thoughts and depression. The study states, \n\n\"Attendants in the Netherlands and Colombia were assessed before, the day after, and 4 weeks following the (Ayahuasca) ritual. Relative to baseline, ratings of depression and stress significantly decreased after the Ayahuasca ceremony and these changes persisted for 4 weeks. Likewise, convergent thinking improved the post-Ayahuasca ceremony up until the 4 weeks follow-up.\"\n\nIn the first controlled trial by [Cambridge University Press](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/rapid-antidepressant-effects-of-the-psychedelic-ayahuasca-in-treatmentresistant-depression-a-randomized-placebocontrolled-trial/E67A8A4BBE4F5F14DE8552DB9A0CBC97), the significant antidepressant effects of Ayahuasca in patients. The study gathered \"new evidence supporting the safety and therapeutic value of Ayahuasca, dosed within an appropriate setting, to help treat depression.\" \n\n### Ayahuasca and PTSD\n\nAyahuasca is now being studied as a potential treatment for PTSD. It is of particular [interest among veterans](https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/a3kaye/veterans-are-turning-to-ayahuasca-for-ptsd-relief) who seek peace-of-mind, as they aim to channel feelings of anger while overcoming debilitating trauma. Ayahuasca [may help PTSD](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5895707/) sufferers due to its \"modulation of brain activity, neurotransmission, and neurogenesis, which are consistent with the reported effects of Ayahuasca on the retrieval of traumatic memories.\" \n\n### Ayahuasca and Addiction\n\nAyahuasca has been shown to exert significant anti-addictive properties based on how it influences dopamine and serotonin levels while interfering with synaptic plasticity – which contributes to learning and memory. Psychological insights also increase, helping individuals process repressed trauma while enhancing their decision-making skills.\n\nRenowned addiction expert Gabor Mate states the following on Ayahuasca and addiction,\n\n\"No matter what a person is addicted to—whether it’s eating, shopping, sex, drugs—each addicted person harbors a deep pain, which they may or may not be in touch with. The plant removes the self-created barriers to get in touch with the source of that pain, so you realize what you’ve been running from all of your life.”\n\n### Are There Any Risks Associated with Ayahuasca?\n\nFor the most part, when taken in a responsible, controlled environment, Ayahuasca is safe. As stated by York University, this substance is most dangerous when individuals have a pre-existing illness, such as a heart condition or bipolar disorder. In the few reported death cases, pre-existing conditions are believed to have played a role, or the possibility of drug interactions. Ayahuasca is not intended to be taken with recreational drugs, antidepressants (SSRIs), nicotine, or caffeine. There has never been a death during a clinical study.\n\n### Where Can I Legally Seek Treatment?\n\nAyahuasca is currently illegal to consume, sell, possess, import, or distribute in the United States. However, there are special judicially granted exceptions for select churches. There are similar exceptions being made in [other Western countries, including Canada](https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/7xg499/the-church-ceu-de-toronto-where-its-legal-to-use-ayahuasca).\n\nPre-COVID, retreat centers in South America were increasingly popular, especially in Peru. For instance, Iquitos, Peru has more Ayahausca retreat centers than anywhere in the world. The key to finding the right retreat center for you is to really do your homework. Although we can not recommend a specific retreat center that meets your needs, here is [a list of Ayahuasca retreat](https://eluxemagazine.com/travel/the-best-ayahuasca-retreats-around-the-world-reviewed/) centers to assist your efforts.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.492537313432836,"src":"/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/ee604/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.png","srcSet":"/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/69585/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.png 200w,\n/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/497c6/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.png 400w,\n/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/ee604/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.png 800w,\n/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/f3583/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.png 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/58556/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/61e93/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.webp 200w,\n/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/1f5c5/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.webp 400w,\n/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/58556/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.webp 800w,\n/static/61367d69bd72aa7a50098f34bdc0293f/99238/68f721a8f9020ea0955b1d5063935749.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3118-markdown","title":"6 Hot New Health Trends to Watch","slug":"6-hot-new-health-trends-to-watch","content":"Every year brings new trends promising better looks, better health, and better ways of living – but it's not always easy to separate the safe, science-backed new strategies from those making dubious claims to fantastic results. Here's a look at 6 of 2020's hottest health and wellness trends – and whether their claims for improving the health of mind and body are valid, overblown, or downright dangerous.\n\n### 1. CBD\nCannabidiol, or CBD, is the darling of the health and wellness industry these days.  CBD is a non-psychoactive compound that occurs abundantly in the cannabis Sativa plant and its close relative, hemp. \n\nResearch on the therapeutic applications of cannabis, or \"medical marijuana,\" reveals that [CBD has an array of positive effects](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317221) on the body's endocannabinoid system, or ECS. The ECS is an extensive network of cell receptors found in the brain, tissues, and most organs. This system responds both to cannabinoid chemicals produced naturally and those from outside sources like cannabis.\n\nMany [independent studies](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820295/) have shown that CBD can bind with endocannabinoid receptors in many of the body's other subsystems to help regulate immune functioning, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.\n\nIn the brain, it can help to protect neural pathways, modulate pain signaling and stabilize mood.  Because CBD products don't contain psychoactive compounds that make people \"high,\" they can be sold just about anywhere, in forms such as tinctures, edibles, and topicals – salves, lotions and creams. \n\nThe effectiveness of CBD depends mostly on a product's CBD content and consumption. Still, both anecdotal reports and recent research suggest that it can be a safe and effective alternative to some over the counter and prescription medications.\n\n### 2. Mushroom Stacking\n\n\"Magic mushrooms\", or psilocybin, have been on the US's counterculture scene since the 60's and used in ceremonies and religious rites of passage for thousands of years. Clinical trials and [new research](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/johns-hopkins-scientists-give-psychedelics-the-serious-treatment) are showing that psilocybin has the potential to reduce trauma and anxiety. \n\nOther research suggests that microdosing, or taking minimal doses of psychoactive mushrooms or other psychedelic substances, can help boost memory, cognition, and mood.  Some studies suggest that microdosing psychoactive substances can help with severe post-traumatic stress disorder and clinical depression.\n\nNow, the practice of \"mushroom stacking\" is taking the potential of microdosing to another level.  Mushrooms taken in this way are what's known as a [Nootropic](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nootropics). Simply put, nootropics are one or more substances that have the potential to enhance consciousness and cognition. Nootropic stacking is the term for combining, or stacking, multiple chemicals to boost the effects.  Developed by mycologist Paul Stamets, [mushroom stacking](https://www.nootropedia.com/paul-stamets-epigenetic-neurogenesis-stack/)\ncombines low doses of the psychedelic mushroom, psilocybin, with lions mane mushroom and niacin, also known as Vitamin B3. Although, mushroom stacking can also be done without the psychedelic mushroom.\n\nStamets, claims that this combination [has the potential](https://thethirdwave.co/microdosing-psilocybin-mushrooms-stamets-stack/) to unlock new areas of human cognition. It could be a jump start to understanding plant medicine's effect on the human brain, but we still have much to learn. \n\nStudies have shown, though, that microdosing psilocybin can affect neurological pathways related to the fear response. Lion's mane mushroom appears to protect cognitive functioning and enhance memory.  Niacin [may also boost brain and heart health](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lions-mane-mushroom).  \n\nTaken together, this \"stack\" of brain-enhancing chemicals may protect neural pathways and boost memory. Remember, psilocybin is a Schedule 1, psychogenic substance. Currently, there's no peer-reviewed research supporting Stamet's \"mushroom stacking\" formula, although it seems promising.\n\n### 3. Intermittent Fasting\n\nMost diets aim to promote weight loss by telling dieters what they should and shouldn't eat. But with [intermittent fasting](https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/intermittent-fasting-surprising-update-2018062914156), the issue isn't what you eat, but when.  In this popular new diet trend, eating is limited to certain times of the day or week – and within those periods, you can eat whatever you want.  \n\nDieters can choose from [several different fasting schedules](https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/intermittent-fasting-guide). Popular protocols include 16:8 (16 hours fasting, 8 hours for eating every day), 5:2 (normally eat for 5 days a week and fast or eat very lightly for two non-consecutive days), or 24s – go an entire 24-hour period without food multiple times a week.\n\nThe proponents of intermittent fasting claim that this \"non-diet\" helps burn fat and promote cell regeneration. Intermittent fasting reflects early humans' eating patterns, who didn't have access to three meals a day.  Experts posit that intermittent fasting can boost the body's metabolic rate, increase insulin sensitivity, and boost human growth hormone production, or HGH.  \n\nFasting isn't safe for people with diabetes or certain other conditions, or for pregnant women. Fasting can also interfere with hormones that regulate menstrual cycles. But [available research](https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20191226/intermittent-fasting-diet-could-boost-your-health#1) suggests that for most people, intermittent fasting is a safe and relatively effective way to lose weight. Then again, so are many other healthy diet plans.\n\n### 4. Fascia Blasting\n\nFascia, also called myofascial tissue, is a continuous layer of connective tissue that covers all the different elements that make up the human body – bones, organs, nerves, and muscles. Fascia encloses the organs and keeps them in place, covers and protects nerves, and gives structure to the body.  \n\nResearch indicates that healthy fascia is typically supple and flexible, but inflammation, trauma, autoimmune reactions, and other circumstances can cause it to become tight and painful. That contributes to conditions such as fibromyalgia, plantar fasciitis, and myofascial pain syndrome.\n\nMany believe that [fascia problems](https://www.healthline.com/health/fascia-blasting#benefits) can lead to poor circulation, muscle pain and weakness, and cellulitis – the bumpy, \"cottage cheese\" look of fat cells under the skin.  Enter the fascia blaster, a long, pronged wand developed by [fitness guru Ashley Black](https://www.ashleyblackguru.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjww5r8BRB6EiwArcckC9u0tvGxYZCNtQTNM0bxNGnuR5rpHyQaeoVHlymG6zIEomlLXlVjdhoCdyAQAvD_BwE).  Massaging [targeted areas of the fascia](https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/08/health/fascia-blasting-explainer-exercise-jampolis/index.html)\n According to Black, the fascia blaster can promote firmer skin, reduce the appearance of cellulite, and promote better blood circulation.\n\nThe only research to date on the fascia blaster's safety and efficacy is a small study done by Ashley Black herself, but some users report better-looking skin and less muscle pain and tightness.  Others, though, say that using a fascia blaster causes bruising, skin discolorations, and pain, even worsening varicose and spider veins.\n\nA number of other fascia blasters are now available, modeled after Ashley Black's original. They come with varying claims for success, but all are tools for massage, and numerous studies have found that massage can help relieve pain and stiffness from a variety of causes.  \n\n### 5. Cold Water Bathing\n\nTaking a cold shower is often recommended as a way to cool passions and calm down – but now, [some research suggests](https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-shower-benefits) that cold water bathing and showering really might be good for health.\n\nA [recent study](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325725) found that people who take cold showers are 29 percent less likely to call in sick to school or work.  Other research suggests that bathing or showering in cold water (below 70 F) may boost metabolism, improve concentration, and elevate mood in people with depression.  \n\nColdwater has many effects on the body. The heart beats faster, breathing quickens, and blood pressure rises as the body works to maintain a stable temperature.  Cold baths or showers can help people feel more awake and alert, and some say bathing in cold water can improve overall functioning throughout the day.\n\nEven if you don't bathe or shower in cold water, cold water applications can be beneficial. Coldwater can act as a local anesthetic for quick pain relief because it constricts blood vessels and slows the brain's pain signals. Icing an injury can also reduce swelling and redness.\n\nCold baths and showers aren't for everyone, though.  Medical experts warn that people with compromised immune systems or heart conditions might be stressed as the body works to compensate for the drop in temperature. But overall, even a brief burst of cold water during an otherwise warm shower or bath might be a boost to your health.\n\n### 6. Marijuana Instead of Alcohol\n\nFor centuries, people have turned to alcoholic beverages to relax, enjoy time with friends, and drown their sorrows.  But drinking alcohol in all its forms can have a long list of adverse consequences for the body and brain.\n\n Alcohol acts on the brain's neural pathways to promote feelings of pleasure and calm – but it's also a toxin that can damage the liver and other organs, cause cognitive problems and create long-term addiction. \nBecause of the many negatives associated with alcohol, [many people](https://www.marketwatch.com/story/millennials-appear-to-like-cannabis-more-than-booze-2018-09-26) are turning instead to marijuana, which also [promotes relaxation](https://www.healtheuropa.eu/cannabis-combats-stress/93193/) with far fewer side effects.\n\nThe cannabinoids in cannabis, most notably THC and non-psychoactive CBD, can promote pleasant, calm feelings. Because cannabis doesn't depress the central nervous system, there's virtually no risk of overdose and side effects are generally temporary and minimal.  \n\nCannabis can be consumed in various ways, from smoking and vaping to nibbling an array of edibles, and for a growing number of people, it's a safer and gentler way to relax than alcohol.\n\n New trends and fads are constantly competing for the attention of health conscious consumers – and it's not always easy to determine which ones have lasting value.  Whether you're considering CBD, cold baths or another popular wellness alternative, follow the facts to make the choice that's right for you.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/ee604/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.png","srcSet":"/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/69585/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.png 200w,\n/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/497c6/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.png 400w,\n/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/ee604/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.png 800w","srcWebp":"/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/58556/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/61e93/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.webp 200w,\n/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/1f5c5/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.webp 400w,\n/static/79adcef257769f77968d7db88f9a3cec/58556/ff4b7af361ebe10e0b467fb8bc301885.webp 800w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3120-markdown","title":"MDMA: Coming Soon to a Therapist's Office Near You","slug":"mdma-coming-soon-to-a-therapists-office-near-you","content":"### MDMA-Assisted Therapy for All\n\nPsychiatrists, psychologists and therapists are quietly assimilating MDMA in their own practices, albeit, for now, it's underground. Emily Nelson is a middle-aged woman from Georgia, who has felt the force of COVID rock the foundation of her existence. Emily lives alone, is caring for aging parents, and is fearful of infecting her parents. As a result, she is feeling isolated, depressed, and lacking her usual “spark of joy.”  \n\nAt a friend’s urging, Emily was connected to an underground therapist who uses MDMA as a tool to quickly create positive mental adjustments for her clients. Emily, who has never taken any recreational drugs before, underwent an MDMA-assisted session with her therapist 3 weeks ago. Since that time, she has since noticed a profound change in her feelings. \n\n“I wanted to try MDMA-assisted therapy because things are terrible right now. I live alone; my job is stressful; I have a parent who’s especially vulnerable to Covid; I’m isolated. I’m sick of all the stress and wanted to get some joy and balance back in my life,” Emily explains.\n\nTherapy consists of two to three MDMA-assisted sessions, with multiple non-drug sessions before and between treatments. Non-drug therapy helps patients integrate and work through what they’ve uncovered during MDMA sessions. \n\nEmily says her first MDMA session was joyful from beginning to end. At her therapist’s home office with two close friends present, she experienced warmth and comfort, mentally and physically, inside and out—\"times a thousand.” She felt safe and loved, her mind expanded, and she had great personal epiphanies. “The epiphanies reinforced the obvious, like ‘live in the moment,’” she laughs, “but with MDMA, you feel it.” In short, Emily felt her depression melt away, a feeling that has lasted.\n\n### Doctors on the Forefront of Psychedelic Therapy\n\nHe hates to say “I told you so,” but psychiatrist Ben Sessa has been telling people about the potential of psychedelics in psychiatry since 2004. In a podcast with [The Third Wave,](https://thethirdwave.co/mdma-healing-trauma-and-the-future-of-psychiatry-transcript/) Sessa recounts the uphill climb he and few others have made since 2004 when he published the first paper on the subject since the 60s. Now, instead of being called “crazy” by colleagues, Sessa is called all the time for his insight on psychedelic medicine. \n\nSessa was drawn to psychedelics because he wanted to find an “antibiotic” for psychiatric disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress. Although he acknowledges pharmaceuticals are useful in certain cases, he says having to take an antidepressant (e.g., Prozac) for one’s entire life is just “not good enough.”\nGovernment administrations worldwide are rushing to get MDMA, psilocybin, LSD and ketamine off the party drug circuit and into clinician’s offices. Many people do not know that the Food and Drug Administration approved the psychedelic Ketamine in the U.S., and since 2019 it has been available for treatment-resistant depression\n\n### MDMA On the Fast Track for FDA Approval\n\nMDMA or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is used in assisted psychotherapy, and was designated as a Breakthrough Therapy by the FDA. It is currently heading into its final phase (Phase 3) of testing with the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies or MAPS. They anticipate approval for PTSD treatment as soon as 2023.\n\nAn interim analysis of the first Phase 3 trial showed a greater than 90% probability for significant, positive results. Previous trials revealed an actual change in diagnosis; 83% of test participants no longer had PTSD and continued to improve over the following three-plus years. [MAPS](https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/mapscontent/research-archive/mdma/PTSDandMDMA.png) reports MDMA has proven safe, too, with only 1 negative response after testing on more than 780 humans. \n\nWith such positive results and potential for patients facing serious or life-threatening conditions, the FDA also granted the MDMA program Expanded Access status, which affords early access to people critically suffering from PTSD. \n\n### We’re Not Talking About Ecstasy and Molly\n\nWhen you buy Ecstasy or Molly on the street, it is cut with a variety of other ingredients. In fact, [a study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343333/pdf/jaccidem00030-0032.pdf) of illicit ecstasy tablets seized in the UK showed a third of them had no MDMA at all. Only 28% had an active dose (80 mg), which means there’s a 72% chance that any given “high” from street ecstasy will come in part from a methamphetamine, PCP, bath salts, heroin, ephedrine, you name it. \n\nThe MDMA that will eventually be available for therapy will be just that, 99% pure active pharmaceutical-grade MDMA, [MAPS](https://maps.org/news/media/5984-motherboard-how-to-legally-buy-a-kilo-of-pure-mdma) says. Until then, drug checking kits are available from [Bunk Police](https://bunkpolice.com/product-category/spot-test-kits/) and others to test for MDMA and/or adulterant content. \n\n### What Separates MDMA from “Classic” Psychedelics\n\nFounder Rick Doblin, PhD., says MAPS researchers focused on MDMA first because it is the “most gentle” of psychedelic drugs. In an interview with [HelloMD](https://maps.org/news/media/7732-hellomd-maps-founder-rick-doblin-talks-psychedelics-mdma-the-fda), he described how it differs from LSD and Psilocybin, “The classic psychedelics act by dissolving our filtering systems… You don’t see things from your own individual perspective anymore.” Losing that sense of self can scare people. He says, instead, “MDMA strengthens your sense of who you are.”\n\nMDMA doesn’t affect the 5-HT2A receptors nearly as much as LSD and Psilocybin. The 5-HT2A receptors are in the brain’s logical the cerebral cortex, which maintains consciousness. Inhibiting these receptors causes hallucinations and psychospiritual experiences with “classic psychedelics.” \n\nMDMA is not a hallucinogenic but rather an entactogen, a drug that acts on emotions to create a positive mood. “Where the ego distortion psychedelic effects are less pronounced with MDMA, it’s more about the feelings,” Dr. Sessa explains.  \n\n### The Perfect Assistant for PTSD Therapy\n\nMDMA is also pharmacologically unique among psychedelics in its ability to inhibit the fear response in the amygdala, the primitive fight-or-flight part of the brain. This is key to PTSD treatment, Sessa says, as it’s the only way most deeply traumatized people can even open the door on events that caused their disorder. After a lifetime of avoiding traumatic memories, vets and abuse victims can go back to the event with MDMA assistance and begin the healing process.\n\nBy addressing the root cause of the stress, rather than just treating symptoms like depression, Sessa says PTSD can be cured. And MAPS research is proving it.\n\n\n\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAALCAYAAAB/Ca1DAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAADMklEQVQozx2SfVDTBRjHf4i8aIro8FoWRl7GJdy1hi6w48AIVC688TIdECAIKbOiLiocAqNByByMlzE2Nt3GBMYYgcGk1svlcXQceXWl+AeHWvOqg+vKuq5/P/2Ov77/fZ7P93kewe8eZMT8MZ+OOZn2jRKYmiBwfZLF+a+5GZxlyjeGb9RDUe5x0uRyDr4g4+knpORkZBB6cJ/fQ6ssL30j5n0WZsYQRmwm/PYuxu29dLU1Y+rQcUnXiM9t2xgyYOyg6Z3zVBzLpDY3HUXiM0jjdhMRFkZGqoK7t+a5d3uJ335ZZXFuAuGaw8yMZwBnn4Ez5a+jqa5Ela/E2t+D29ZH0Yk8MpOTGNK+yfrsEJ1F6TwnjUMSu4NwQaBGreTBHREYusfS558geOz9zI1aGbZ0U1VRwduaWsrLyhh2Opj2DlOn0XCuWMWXJi0/mBvoUR/h8F4RGLOdbdHR7IwMw9J+gX/+XGcpOIXgtvUSHHfgGeyhIL+IyorTnK06g8d1lRuzs/QOuLms07PY24A+T4Gx5FWy9+0m+SkJO6Ij2bp5E4cT97J861t+WgiKOxQNg76reMVUq1Q4LrWyYG7GLlY8/5aWug8NtLcauNFUi+5YCq0nUkVDCbJ4CXGPRbElYvOGZWdDHT/enEPwOgf5wu/E7xpE80YNX13p5q5Lz3cWLaaWZuob2ni3Xk9fTSnq5HhSpDHsk2wnac8uYqPCRWAEWyPCSX32SdyGiwgTHgefiZUn3VY0NdW4DO3cdrXz18r3rPy8RmPjR2TlFFBYUEqK7CX27z9ATGQ40m1RKGRysjJe4fmEeB7fson6klyEGf+IeGULAZ+bHqMRvc5AZ3MbY97rPPzjX+6shNBe1JOVrUQmf5m0tCPsit1JgaqMjstWTquLqVDmkhQvpSRTjhDwuZh2m5mfm2Ri1IvFbMfcb+f9D3SMTwZYe/QfobW/GboywqGDqRxSpHOhpYumFgOlhYWUi7CzJ/NIiIsl+8VEhGFLF7PXrPgcfbxXV78B6+ww0W2yUFJaRa/ZxsP1Ryyv/orRZKW66pz4BdWceu2oCDtObXE+lcqjJCfsISflAP8D6WML/i3zgisAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","aspectRatio":1.7857142857142858,"src":"/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/ee604/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.png","srcSet":"/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/69585/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.png 200w,\n/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/497c6/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.png 400w,\n/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/ee604/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.png 800w,\n/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/f3583/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.png 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/58556/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/61e93/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.webp 200w,\n/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/1f5c5/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.webp 400w,\n/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/58556/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.webp 800w,\n/static/6e0d0e3502743cf01d70503c2c914378/99238/378fe3869b4ef5759ac7e7b24c7bb4fb.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3111-markdown","title":"Ketamine: An Effective Treatment for Depression?","slug":"ketamine-an-effective-treatment-for-depression","content":"COVID-19, the global pandemic that keeps growing, is causing another pandemic: anxiety and severe depression. As the pandemic continues, and social isolation becomes more prevalent, more than one in three adults in the U.S. have reported symptoms of anxiety or depressive disorder. In comparison, from January to June 2019, more than [one in ten (11%) adults](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/ERmentalhealth-508.pdf) reported symptoms of anxiety or depressive disorder.\n\nAs a result, the use of traditional antidepressants is on the rise. “In the survey, titled [“America’s State of Mind Report,”](https://www.express-scripts.com/corporate/americas-state-of-mind-report) researchers highlighted that from February 16 to March 15, prescriptions filled per week for antidepressant, antianxiety, and anti-insomnia medications increased by 21%. \n\nWe also know that cannabis can be useful for some people when treating anxiety and depression. Many people [use medical marijuana](https://hellomd.com/blogs/articles/how-cannabis-can-help-manage-anxiety-and-stress-during-covid-19-pandemic) to ease anxiety and stress; for some, it works better than medications like antidepressants. Yet, it's not always right for everyone. In fact, for some, cannabis can worsen anxiety or depression.\n\nThere are other options available. Currently, ketamine is becoming a well known alternative for treating major depressive disorders in clinical settings across the United States. \n\n### Everything You Want to Know About Ketamine\n\nIf you've ever had a general anesthetic, you may have heard of ketamine. The [commercial use of ketamine](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258981/) began in the 1970s, and it's now commonly used for various clinical applications, including anesthesia, palliative care, and, most recently, for the treatment of depression. Ketamine is also well known for being a \"recreational\" drug and for its potential for abuse. \n\n### What Is Ketamine?\n\nKetamine's chemical makeup is similar to phencyclidine (PCP), nitrous oxide, and dextromethorphan (DXM). It has been used widely as an anesthetic for surgery in humans and animals. Ketamine provides complete sensory detachment and produces hallucinogenic-like effects. Street names for ketamine are VitaminK, Super K, K, Green and Donkey Dust.\n\n### What are the Effects of Ketamine?\n\nKetamine is a dissociative drug with sedating effects and may cause numbness, memory loss, and unconsciousness while maintaining respiratory reflexes and adequate blood pressure. \n\nKetamine has a psychedelic effect and may reduce overall body sensations. It produces an abrupt high that lasts for about one or two hours. [Instant effects of ketamine](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424847/table/appd.t6/) may include drowsiness, profuse sweating, an irregular heartbeat, confusion, nausea, numbness, and slurred speech. It may also create an overwhelming feeling of relaxation, and consumers may feel \"out of their bodies\" or a dream-like detachment. Ketamine can alter a person's sense of space and time and cause visual or auditory hallucinations. \n\nContinued ketamine use causes a slow heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, behavioral changes, and difficulty breathing. Heavy ketamine use results in urinary tract problems as it may thicken the bladder wall, causing pain during urination. Prolonged use may also cause agitation, panic attacks, reduction of both long and short term memory.\n\nToo much ketamine may cause immobility and a sense of going into \"k-hole,\" an intense feeling of separating from one's body. Withdrawal from prolonged ketamine abuse comes with numerous side effects such as depression, anxiety, lack of appetite, insomnia, and restlessness. It is possible to become addicted to ketamine, and with abuse, more may be needed to feel its effects.\n\nWhen used correctly, ketamine has numerous therapeutic benefits including the following:\n\n### Treatment of Depression & Anxiety\n\nThe FDA recently approved ketamine for \"off label\" consumption, and clinics across the United States are using it for the treatment of depression. Recent studies indicate that up to [70% of patients](https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/ketamine-depression/) treated with treatment-resistant depression improved when given an oral antidepressant with intranasal esketamine, a nasal spray derived from ketamine. \n\nIt's believed that ketamine works for depression and anxiety as it enhances the transmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and triggers the production of glutamate. This, in turn, prompts the brain to create new neural connections. As new bonds form, patients can approach life with more positive associations and behaviors. Ketamine works quickly in the treatment of depression and anxiety, whereas traditional antidepressants may take weeks to take effect, if at all. \n\nKetamine infusions for depression usually take effect within four to seventy-two hours, and patients may feel a lasting impact for 1-3 weeks. Anecdotal reports also indicate ketamine may be a potential treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders.\n\n### Chronic Pain\n\nKetamine is frequently an effective [treatment for chronic pain](https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/news/20180615/first-ketamine-guidelines-for-pain-released), neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. Low dose ketamine infusions have had a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, effectively giving a reboot to neurotransmitters within the brain. Patients may fee immediate and sustained relief from pain through a series of low dose ketamine infusions.\n\nWhile surgical operations tend to be very painful, ketamine relieves pain significantly. When your nerves are sending those pain signals to the brain, ketamine cuts them off. You won't feel the excruciating pain after some surgical blades have cut through your body organs. Vietnam War soldiers used these psychedelics to relieve pain from injuries.\n\n### What are the Risks Associated With Ketamine?\n\nConsumption of ketamine within a clinical setting is considered relatively safe. Some patients may feel uncomfortable with the associated effects, such as feeling disassociated from the body or a sense of \"couch-lock.\"\n\nKetamine may cause an increase in blood pressure. People who have the following are not candidates for ketamine treatment:\n\n- glaucoma\n- brain lesions or tumors\n- brain swelling\n- \nThere are [several other conditions](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/302663.php#risks) where ketamine treatments should be used with caution.\n\n### Is Ketamine Legal?\n\nThe FDA has approved [nasal-spray esketamine](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ketamine-for-depression-approved-by-fda-today-2019-03-05/) for the treatment of depression. It is legal in specific states that have legalized its use. Each state has individual regulations on the administration of ketamine. Utah and Texas, for example, have legalized medicinal use of the drug, whereas other states such as California, Delaware, and Wyoming among others have placed ketamine as a schedule III\n\n### Ketamine Drug Interactions\n\n[Ketamine has seven significant drug interactions](https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/ketamine.html) and two hundred and fifty-six moderate drug interactions. It is essential to check with a physician on how ketamine may interact with any medications currently in use.\n\n### Where Can I Legally Seek Ketamine Treatment?\n\nMore than 150 clinics in the U.S. offer various forms of ketamine treatment. With the legalization of ketamine spray and infusions, new clinics are continuing to open. While it might not be easy to find a ketamine cline, there are many established providers in legalized states. When looking for a [ketamine clinic](https://doubleblindmag.com/choosing-ketamine-clinics/), conduct due diligence, and check with your local healthcare provider.\n\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.492537313432836,"src":"/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/ee604/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.png","srcSet":"/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/69585/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.png 200w,\n/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/497c6/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.png 400w,\n/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/ee604/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.png 800w,\n/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/f3583/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.png 1200w","srcWebp":"/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/58556/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/61e93/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.webp 200w,\n/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/1f5c5/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.webp 400w,\n/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/58556/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.webp 800w,\n/static/b606463a8e903db7ad6a63f0a69f71fa/99238/8d0d368fd05ea530c81edae202b79c46.webp 1200w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3108-markdown","title":"Why Interrupting the Default Mode Network with Psychedelics is Good for Mental Health","slug":"why-interrupting-the-default-mode-network-with-psychedelics-is-good-for-mental-health","content":"If you've been paying attention to recent news on psychedelics, you've probably heard the term default mode network (DMN). Or, perhaps you've read Michael Pollan's book, [How to Change Your Mind](https://www.amazon.com/Change-Your-Mind-Consciousness-Transcendence/dp/1594204225), where he details his before and after experiences with numerous psychedelic trips. In his book, he discusses how psychedelics quiet the DMN, allowing people to experience temporary deaths of the ego and form new insights and perspectives. \n\nIt turns out, when the DMN is interrupted, new channels and pathways within the brain form. New research indicates that psychedelics may be a revolutionary disruptor in the field of mental healthcare, partially because of how they affect the DMN.\n\n### What's the Default Mode Network? \n\nIn 2001, Dr. Marcus Raichle coined the term \"default mode\" to describe the state when our brains are at rest. The default mode describes an activity within the brain when it's not engaged in an active task, such as solving a math problem or learning a new job. The default mode is often associated with activities such as daydreaming, self-reflection, worrying about the past, or feeling anxiety about the future. The DMN is also where we create the picture ourselves, or our autobiographical self. The DMN is central to the story we tell ourselves about who we are and where we want to go.\n\nThe default mode network is an interconnected series of structures within our brain. There is some debate as to which parts of the brain to include. Generally, there is consensus that the prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the inferior parietal lobule are included.\n\nfMRI scans indicate that when our brains are resting, or we're \"thinking\" without a specific goal in mind, the DMN regions of the brain show higher levels of activity and blood flow. New research shows that increased activity within the DMN is linked to mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Changes in the DMN, whether it is too much activity or too little, have also been linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, PTSD, and bipolar disorder.\n\nThe DMN also allows us to perform repetitive tasks and actions without thinking much about them. For instance, many of us may have the experience of driving home, but not remembering it, yet we get back safely anyway. It turns out that rote memory is much easier than conscious thinking, and 46.9% of the time, we are turning ourselves on autopilot, which is regulated by the DMN. \n\nWhile in this frame of mind, it may feel like you are doing something instinctually, and your brain no longer needs to focus. For this reason, whenever possible, the adult brain will try to switch over to save energy. The stories we tell ourselves, a multitude of actions we perform and much of our daily existence is controlled by a network in the brain on autopilot - which may or may not work in our favor.\n\n![Courtesy of Double Blind Magazine](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Screen_Shot_2021_11_18_at_3_38_44_PM_b318cf6e87.png)\nCourtesy of Double Bling Magazine [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/p/CVv2BSyANZW/)\n\n### Psychedelics: Interrupting the Default Mode Network\n\nIt's believed that the over-activity within the DMN, and its grip on our conscious and unconscious actions, play a central role in mental health disorders, such as depression or anxiety. Studies indicate that when activity is decreased, which is the case when psychedelics are administered, a depressed or anxious person will often feel a sense of relief, as well as an increased sense of connection; often for several months.\n\nScientific interest in studying psychedelics runs in parallel with the desire to treat intractable mental health disorders. In 2016, [The Journal of Psychopharmacology](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0269881116675513) researchers stated, \"High-dose psilocybin produced large decreases in clinician- and self-rated measures of depressed mood and anxiety, along with increases in quality of life, life meaning, and optimism.\"  \n\n[Another study](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27210031) found that when psilocybin was administered to patients with treatment-resistant depression, \"depressive symptoms were markedly reduced 1 week and 3 months after high-dose treatment.\"\n\nA new [Brazilian study](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/rapid-antidepressant-effects-of-the-psychedelic-ayahuasca-in-treatmentresistant-depression-a-randomized-placebocontrolled-trial/E67A8A4BBE4F5F14DE8552DB9A0CBC97) looked at rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression. The study concluded that \"significant antidepressant effects of ayahuasca, when compared with placebo at all time, points… and brings new evidence supporting the safety and therapeutic value of ayahuasca, dosed within an appropriate setting, to help treat depression.\"\n\nResearchers agree that the resetting of the DMN may play a significant role in reducing mental disorder symptoms. A study by the Imperial College of London tracked experiential responses within 20 participants while consuming LSD. Brain scans indicated that while under the influence, separate portions of the brain made new connections with one another while the DMN was mainly in sleep mode.  \n\nBut how does this happen?\n\n### Psychedelics: Effects on the Human Brain\n\nPsychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, and DMT (ayahuasca) act as serotonin receptor agonists. When you consume a psychedelic, such as magic mushrooms, the active ingredient psilocin creates the psychedelic \"trip\" we experience.\n\nSeratonin receptor agonists do not harm the brain; they naturally bind with the serotonin receptors within our minds. Psilocin, for instance, is a replica of the serotonin molecule we produce. It does not harm the receptor and is a copy of serotonin, which is often called 'the happy chemical', as it contributes to our sense of well-being.\n\nOnce the serotonin agonist binds to our serotonin receptors, something remarkable happens. [A 2012 study](https://www.pnas.org/content/109/6/2138.abstract) at the Imperial College of Medicine found that after psilocybin was administered, blood flow decreased to the DMN interrupting normal activities. When this occurs, neuroplasticity within the brain begins.\n\nAs the DMN's capacity diminishes, normal signals within the brain are not able to run down the same neural networks. As a result, the brain automatically creates new neural pathways and alternative ways to exchange information. \n\nResearchers from [a 2014 follow on study](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyAgx_tzh80&feature=youtu.be) observed when the DMN is suppressed by psychedelics, the overall communication of neurons within the brain is wildly enhanced. New connections are made across the brain, essentially creating \"cross-talk,\" which is usually unavailable to us. The long-range effect is that separate areas of the brain connect and process information differently. fMRI scans show that brains under the influence of certain psychedelics resemble the minds of people who have active meditation practices.\n\nWhen we switch off the DMN, we unlock new potential within the brain. Some liken psychedelics to a \"reset button,\" allowing us to return to a more childlike mindset, and to see the world in a new way. It's believed that the brain's capacity to reset itself and create new forms of communication in lieu of the DMN, is one of the primary reasons psychedelics may be a solution for so many treatment-resistant mental health disorders.\n\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/14b42/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg","srcSet":"/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/f836f/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg 200w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/2244e/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg 400w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/14b42/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg 800w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/47498/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg 1200w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/0e329/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg 1600w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/6a059/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.jpg 6000w","srcWebp":"/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/58556/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/61e93/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp 200w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/1f5c5/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp 400w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/58556/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp 800w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/99238/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp 1200w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/7c22d/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp 1600w,\n/static/2b54e75554d40188a1827e39523e7755/3041e/e65270ca336598e9cad372c11be4f9a5.webp 6000w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3000-markdown","title":"MAPS Founder Rick Doblin Talks Psychedelics, MDMA & the FDA","slug":"maps-founder-rick-doblin-talks-psychedelics-mdma-and-the-fda","content":"In pockets around the globe, people are becoming more attuned to the therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs: The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a form of ketamine for depression; the world’s first center for psychedelic research opened last month in London; and in big cities, young professionals say microdosing psilocybin and LSD helps them stay on top of their game. \n\nOne of the contributors to this shift in consciousness is MAPS, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. Since 1986, MAPS has helped fund and organize research on the medicinal uses of psychedelics and cannabis.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_us/?utm_medium=copy_link)\n\nMAPS’ most publicized work to date involves the use of MDMA (3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine) during psychotherapy sessions for veterans and other folks with PTSD. [The results were so successful](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/59b157e8c2fd910cc5b5868d/mdma-assisted-therapy-a-successful-treatment-for-ptsd) that the FDA is now working with MAPS on the next phase of research on MDMA. If all goes well, we could see MDMA-assisted psychotherapy become available to the public by 2021. \n\n\n![Rick Doblin, founder & executive director of MAPS](https://hellomd-development.s3.amazonaws.com/markdown-image-injector-f9025ba1-1743-48c5-83b2-221af9a2eb3b/original.png)\n\nTo better understand what the future has in store for MAPS, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy and psychedelics as a whole, we sat down with Rick Doblin, the organization’s founder and executive director. \n\n### Q: Why did MAPS choose to focus on MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as opposed to the other psychedelics? \n\nThe goal for me was mainstreaming psychedelic medicine. And the reason that MDMA was chosen is that it's the most gentle of all of the psychedelics. \n\nThe classic psychedelics act by dissolving our filtering systems—more or less the system in our brain talking about the ego. LSD and psilocybin weaken that part of the brain. You don't see things from your own individual perspective anymore, but you see a larger perspective, and you get more sensory input. \n\nWhen your sense of identity is dissolving, sometimes it feels like you're physically dying, or people just get really, really scared. That aspect of losing control, of letting the ego go—that's challenging to people. But MDMA doesn't do that. MDMA strengthens your sense of who you are.\n\n### Q: And out of all of the conditions that MDMA can help with, why did you choose to focus on PTSD? \n\nWe needed a highly sympathetic patient population. And in general, we also wanted a condition that at the time wasn't currently understood to be biologically caused. \n\nPTSD is something that happens during your life. It's based on a biographical series of events. And so it's more likely psychotherapy, rather than pharmacotherapy, would help. But also, if you were to try to develop a drug for PTSD, MDMA would be it. \n\nMDMA reduces activity in the amygdala; it increases activity in the prefrontal cortex, so you can think more logically. It increases activity between the amygdala and the hippocampus to permit memories to move out of short-term to long-term storage.\n\nThe problem with PTSD is these traumatic memories make it seem like they're always about to happen or they're always happening.\n\nPlus, [MDMA] stimulates oxytocin and prolactin, which are the hormones of nurturing, bonding and love, so it helps build a certain amount of trust between the patients and the therapist. All of [these chemical cascades] make it so that MDMA permits people to look at challenging emotions without so much fear. \n\nWe needed a condition for which the currently available medicines or psychotherapies left a large number of treatment-resistant people—and that's PTSD. There are roughly a million veterans receiving disability for PTSD.\n\nThere's just this vast understanding that trauma is not well-treated in a lot of people and also that the veterans in our culture are highly appreciated it. \n\nI like to say that I don't do science—we do political science because the choice of drug and the choice of patients is designed with politics in mind.\n\nRELATED: [HOW MDMA-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY CAN HELP WITH PTSD](https://hellomd.com/articles/how-mdma-assisted-psychotherapy-can-help-with-ptsd/)\n\n### Q: No doubt that MAPS’ work has contributed to this psychedelic revival we’re now seeing. But what are some other reasons that public perception towards psychedelics has started to change? \n\nPeople are coming to understand that PTSD and high levels of stress cause higher health care utilization.\n\nAnd chances are as the global perspective of the war on drugs is diminishing—even the UN is talking about decriminalizing drugs—the way in which the drug war has been used to abuse human rights is becoming more clear. \n\n### Q: What can the movement to legalize psychedelics learn from cannabis? \n\nThere's a long way from decriminalization to legal access. I thought that if a state did decriminalization [of marijuana], that'd be more of a step towards legalization than if a state did medical—and that has proved to be wrong. \n\nWhen you do decriminalization, [marijuana] is still illegal. You don't have public dispensaries. And you don't have new models of selling that people can see without all of this violence connected with the underworld. \n\nI would say the first thing we can learn is that medicalization is the best way—the fastest way—towards legalization, more so than decriminalization. \n\nAnd I think another part is—and this is more for insurance companies—because right now even for all of the progress that has been made with medical marijuana, insurance doesn't cover it.\n\nThere's so much more cost with MDMA or psychedelics, because they’re connected with psychotherapy. So, if we really want to talk about access in a way that's fair, then really the FDA route is something that we should really embrace. It's really the best way to end up through the system to have insurance coverage. \n\nWe also have to be extremely careful not to overstate the benefits or understate the risks [of psychedelics]. And I think that this is where marijuana failed as well.\n\nPeople were like, “Oh yeah, marijuana is a panacea; it's good for everything.” And I think we have to be very careful not to repeat that and lose credibility with the public.\n\n### Q: Can you talk a little bit about the connection between cannabis for health and wellness and psychedelics for health and wellness? What are the similarities between the two and what are the differences?\n\nThe main difference is that cannabis is a take-home medicine for people to use on their own. And MDMA is only to assist psychotherapy—it's always used under direct supervision of trained therapists. \n\nThe model that we have is a three-and-a-half-month treatment program. During that time, there's 12 nondrug psychotherapy sessions each about 90 minutes, and there's only three MDMA sessions. The goal is for people to not need drugs afterwards, as compared to the daily dosing with cannabis.\n\nCannabis has a wide range of uses, and so does MDMA. For example, at our recent training, we had a whole group of people interested in MDMA and eating disorders. So, if you think about MDMA as self-acceptance without fear, that's a lot of what's going on with eating disorders.\n\nWe did a study with MDMA for social anxiety in autistic adults, which worked out well. We did a study with MDMA with people with life-threatening illnesses who are scared of dying. There's a study now in England with MDMA for alcoholics, so it's got a wide range of uses.\n\nBut it's really for short-term, acute, very few administrations in a therapy setting. \n\nI think that we've got a substance that, when it's combined with psychotherapy, is like a general-purpose tool. \n\n### Q: MAPS’ MDMA-assisted psychotherapy research has been successful and well-received. What do you have in store for the future besides phase III research? \n\nOur approach has been to maximize therapeutic outcomes: We have the male-female co-therapy team; we have overnight stays; we have eight-hour sessions. We haven't looked yet fully at “how do we make it more efficient?” \n\nOne of the next big things that we're going to start in a small experimental way is group therapy. All of the studies that the VA has done have shown that individual therapy is more effective than group therapy is. But maybe group therapy is 80% as effective, but only 50% of the price.\n\nThe other thing I want to add, which I think is remarkable, is if we succeed in studying MDMA for PTSD in adults, the FDA is requiring us to do studies in adolescents with PTSD. And that would be 12–17 year olds. And if that works, then we go to 7–11 year olds. \n\nPTSD changes people's brains and changes the way that they're able to function in very negative ways. If we can work with people closer to the trauma, then that's going to be really very productive. It will also be less expensive. People will spend fewer years suffering. \n\nIf you want to learn more about the incredible research that MAPS is undertaking, head on over to [www.maps.org]( https://maps.org/) to find out how you can participate in events, volunteer and donate to help further research initiatives.  \n\nPhoto credit: Max4e Photo/Shutterstock.com (main image); MAPS (body image)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana/) index of articles. And if you have questions about cannabis, [ask them](https://hellomd.com/questions-and-answers/) and our community will answer.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/14b42/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg","srcSet":"/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/f836f/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg 200w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/2244e/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg 400w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/14b42/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg 800w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/47498/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg 1200w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/0e329/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg 1600w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/e37ef/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.jpg 3536w","srcWebp":"/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/58556/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/61e93/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp 200w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/1f5c5/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp 400w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/58556/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp 800w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/99238/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp 1200w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/7c22d/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp 1600w,\n/static/7c6c70c3877ca60c524c77dd75a1716f/b0294/cf67efc21ccf6eac0d58d0f756868669.webp 3536w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2926-markdown","title":"How MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Can Help With PTSD","slug":"how-mdma-assisted-psychotherapy-can-help-with-ptsd","content":"As cannabis’s medicinal properties have entered the public consciousness, we’ve become more aware of alternative (and sometimes controversial) treatments that can have a profound impact on hard-to-treat conditions. The problem with these treatments, however, is that little scientific research exists to support their use. Enter MAPS, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. \n\nSince 1986, MAPS has helped fund and organize research on the medicinal uses of psychedelics and cannabis. Some of its current work involves finding alternative treatments to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a common condition that’s known for being hard to treat. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_us/?utm_medium=copy_link/)\n\nPTSD affects more than 13 million people at any given time, and in some cases, it can be life threatening: Research shows that suicide risk is greater among people with this disorder.\n\nWith this in mind, you’d think that we’d have effective methods of treating PTSD. But we don’t—at least not yet.\n\nMAPS recently finished a series of phase two, double-blind clinical trials on the use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) during psychotherapy sessions for folks with PTSD—and the results were good. So good in fact, that the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) is now working closely with MAPS on the design of its phase three research on the topic.\n\n“Based on those preliminary results, [the FDA] thinks that it's a treatment that could be a potentially significant advance over what's currently available for PTSD,” says Brad Burge, director of strategic communications at MAPS. \n\n### What Is MDMA? \n\nMDMA was first created in a lab in 1912. In the 1970s, it was used to improve psychotherapy sessions, and by the 1980s it had become a popular recreational drug associated with dance parties and raves. MDMA purchased on the street is often cut with other drugs and is commonly referred to as molly or ecstasy. \n\nIn 1985, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration made MDMA a schedule I substance, labeling it as an illegal drug with no medicinal value. This archaic designation remains today, much in the same way as it does with cannabis. And similar to cannabis, we’re now realizing that MDMA has therapeutic potential.  \n\n### MDMA Increases the Amount of Serotonin & Dopamine in the Brain  \n\n“MDMA—I like to think of it as a chemical security blanket,” says Brad. He says that MDMA allows people to “feel safer and more comfortable and confident in themselves and in their connections and relationships.”\n\nHe adds that MDMA lets people feel this way while talking about difficult, painful experiences. And it enables them to process difficult feelings in a new way. \n\nBut what’s going on in the brain that allows this to happen? We have some research, but much more is needed.\n\nBrad says that the FDA doesn’t need to know exactly how a treatment works in order to get it approved. It only needs to know that the treatment is effective and that the benefits outweigh the risks. “Which is kind of crazy when you think of all the things that they approve,” he adds. \n\nWith a combination of research and some conjecture, here’s what Brad and his colleagues think is going on: MDMA prompts the release of dopamine and serotonin in the brain, while also toning down activity in the amygdala. \n\nSerotonin is popularly known as a molecule that evokes feelings of well-being and happiness. Brad thinks that serotonin “makes it easier for people to focus on specific memories, emotions and feelings in their body with greater clarity and awareness.” \n\nDopamine on the other hand, can energize and motivate the patient, giving them the endurance to undergo an intense therapy session that can last up to eight hours.  \n\n### MDMA Affects Our Fight-or-Flight Response \n\nMDMA is also able to downregulate the amygdala. This almond-shaped cluster of brain cells plays a role in the body’s fight-or-flight response, and it’s what’s often hyperactivated in people who have PTSD. \n\nThe fight-or-flight response is the body’s response to stress. It triggers the release of hormones that prepare your body to either fight the threat in front of you or run away to safety. An out-of-whack fight-or-flight response could be why people who have PTSD are triggered by seemingly harmless things. \n\nFor folks with PTSD, talking about a traumatic event can cause them to shut down and become less focused and motivated. The inability to talk about their trauma means that some people with PTSD can be in therapy for decades with little to show for it. \n\nBut [MDMA is able to turn the amygdala—and therefore the fight-or-flight response—down](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24495461). Brain scans in healthy volunteers have shown this to be true.  \n\nOverall, MDMA seems to help PTSD sufferers lower their guard, allowing them to confront traumatic memories, while knowing that they’re in a safe space where they can’t be harmed; with the help of MDMA people with PTSD may be better able to get through the challenging process of trauma therapy.\n\nRELATED: [EXPLORING MIND-BENDING PSYCHEDELICS: PSILOCYBIN & LSD](https://hellomd.com/articles/exploring-mind-bending-psychedelics-psilocybin-and-lsd/)\n\n### What Happens in an MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Session? \n\nBut all of this information doesn’t necessarily mean that anyone can just go out and take some MDMA to help them heal from trauma. This treatment is called MDMA-assisted psychotherapy—not MDMA therapy.\n\nSo, what does a session of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy look like? \n\nDuring MAPS’ phase two clinical trials, participants underwent a 12-week course of therapy, which started out with a series of introductory standard psychotherapy sessions. After these standard sessions, MAPS asked people to come in for an experimental session and receive one capsule of MDMA.\n\nExperimental sessions typically lasted 6–8 hours, and participants had a team of two therapists sitting with them at all times. Brad says that sessions had a standard psychotherapy setup with a couch or lounge chair, which the participant could lie back on. People tended to spend a lot of time with eye shades on, so they could internally process their emotions. \n\n“Often there was intense crying, screaming or yelling. Sometimes [participants] asked for just a gentle reassuring touch from the therapist,” says Brad. “The therapists were there to remind them about why they're there, and maybe ask questions or suggest that they put the eye shades back on.”\n\nThe day after these sessions, participants received follow-ups calls. The entire 12-week course of therapy consisted of three of these MDMA sessions with several psychotherapy-only sessions in between. Once participants finished with this course of therapy, they received check-ins one month, two months and then a year later to see how they were doing.   \n\n### Phase Two Trials for MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Have Been Successful\n\nAnd the results? They’re stunning. In total, MAPS’ phase two trials had 107 participants who had chronic PTSD for an average of 17.8 years. Of the total, 68% no longer had PTSD by their one-month follow-up.\n\nBrad points out that almost all participants had an improvement in their symptoms, even if they weren’t among the 68% who no longer had PTSD.  \n\nAs with all treatments, there are side effects. Brad noted that during experimental sessions participants experienced: \n\n* Anxiety\n* Jaw clenching \n* Headaches\n* Muscle tension\n* Dizziness \n* Low mood\n\nAbout a week after an MDMA session, participants reported having: \n\n* Insomnia\n* Irritability \n* Racing thoughts \n\nMost of these side effects are what you’d expect with MDMA. “The physical stress of pure MDMA in these settings is like going for a jog around the block or running up a hill quickly. Basically, if you can do those things, then MDMA is probably safe for your system,” says Brad. \n\n### Phase Three Trials for MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Are Currently Underway\n\nThe results were so stunning that the FDA granted this treatment breakthrough therapy status, meaning that if MAPS’ phase three studies are successful, the FDA could expedite the amount of time it takes for this treatment to become available to the public. \n\nPhase three is the last step of testing a treatment needs before the FDA approves it. If all goes well with these studies, MAPS hopes to have this therapy available as soon as 2021. Cost may still be an issue though, as psychotherapy sessions can be expensive. \n\nBrad notes that MAPS is currently looking into strategies to keep costs for this therapy down, should it be approved. He says that the treatment will likely be available with private insurers first, but that they’re also aiming to have assistance plans people can qualify for. \n\n[Recruitment for phase three clinical trials](https://maps.org/participate/participate-in-research) is currently underway in the U.S., Canada and Israel. Brad points out that MAPS is also looking to conduct phase three trials in Europe, so they’re raising money to fund this research. \n\nIf you know anyone who’d be a good candidate for these trials, or if you just want to [donate to an organization that’s revolutionizing our relationship with psychedelics](https://store.maps.org/np/clients/maps/donation.jsp?campaign=11), head on over to the [website](https://maps.org/). \n\nPhoto credit: [Alina Grubnyak](https://unsplash.com/@alinnnaaaa)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana/) index of articles. And if you have questions about cannabis, [ask them](https://hellomd.com/questions-and-answers/) and our community will answer.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/14b42/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg","srcSet":"/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/f836f/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg 200w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/2244e/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg 400w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/14b42/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg 800w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/47498/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg 1200w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/0e329/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg 1600w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/ce74b/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.jpg 2993w","srcWebp":"/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/58556/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/61e93/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp 200w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/1f5c5/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp 400w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/58556/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp 800w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/99238/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp 1200w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/7c22d/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp 1600w,\n/static/c9bd204be92b8ac04e60a45feb09e58c/b50b6/c7a5c4ea8593006543d97fc2f1192e4c.webp 2993w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2761-markdown","title":"Exploring Mind-Bending Psychedelics: Psilocybin & LSD","slug":"exploring-mind-bending-psychedelics-psilocybin-and-lsd","content":"As cannabis continues to enter the mainstream, it’s only natural that we begin to turn our attention to other stigmatized substances that could hold medical benefits—we’re talking, of course, about psychedelics.\n\nRecently, small clinical trials in humans have shown the efficacy of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and psilocybin, the psychoactive component of magic mushrooms, in treating conditions like depression and anxiety. These studies have renewed public interest in these substances—as have shows like _Silicon Valley_, which has made reference to microdosing psilocybin for therapeutic purposes.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### What Are Psychedelics?\n\nYou might be tempted to lump cannabis, LSD and psilocybin into the same category. They all alter your mind after all. However, [LSD and psilocybin are deemed psychedelics](http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/68/2/264) in the pharmacological sense, because they act on a specific place in your cells: serotonin receptor 5-HT2. Cannabis, as you may know, acts on the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system. \n\nRELATED: [WHAT IS THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5751cbd970410e000b00003a/what-is-the-endocannabinoid-system)\n\nStudies suggest that it’s the activation of 5-HT2 by serotonin that leads to the psychedelic experience that LSD and psilocybin are responsible for—commonly known as tripping. Serotonin is a chemical that relays messages between cells. While we still don’t fully understand the role it plays in the body, research indicates that serotonin influences mood, social behaviors and appetite, among other life processes. Low serotonin levels are also associated with depression. \n\nThough psilocybin and LSD are structurally different, they have effects that are characteristic of other psychedelics, like mescaline and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Psilocybin and LSD can both lead to ego dissolution, or rather, a loss of your self-identity. While there aren’t any studies of this type on mescaline and DMT, both psilocybin and DMT are known to cause increased blood flow to the brain, forming connections between brain regions that don’t normally interact.\n\n### Psilocybin Has Its Roots in Aztec Religion & Rituals \n\nIndigenous cultures in the Americas have a long history of psilocybin use as the substance occurs in many different types of mushrooms. For example, [in Aztec society, mushrooms were part of religious rituals](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580814001527). \n\nIt was only in 1955 that the Western world was widely introduced to this substance, via Gordon Wasson, an author and amateur ethnomycologist who encountered the drug in Mexico. Gordon published a photo essay about his experience with magic mushrooms in _Life_ magazine. With this essay’s circulation, these mushrooms were widely adopted by the hippie counterculture movement. This adoption, along with the poor understanding of psilocybin’s effects, led to its eventual strict categorization by the U.S. DEA as a Schedule I substance. \n\nIn spite of this scheduling, in recent years [a number of small clinical trials have shown that psilocybin may have myriad health benefits](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2017.1320734). So far, it appears psilocybin may help with:\n\n* Nicotine addiction\n* Alcohol addiction\n* Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)\n* Anxiety \n* Depression\n\nWhile these studies were small and consisted entirely of people who were open to this type of treatment, they’re still encouraging and offer insight into how we may treat these types of conditions in the future.\n\n### Psilocybin May Bring About a Kind of “Inverse PTSD” \n\nBy dissolving the ego, it seems as though psilocybin offers people an alternate view of reality. It allows them to view the world from a universal perspective, instead of an individual, self-centered one. And this self-surrendering may hold therapeutic potential. \n\nAdditionally, this shift in perspective, towards a more positive outlook isn’t temporary: In studies involving cancer patients with anxiety, [those who took psilocybin reported feeling calmer immediately afterward, and they also reported the same feelings six months later](http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0269881116675513). \n\n“[The moment [the patients] get psilocybin, their distress comes down](https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/12/the-life-changing-magic-of-mushrooms/509246/),” says Stephen Ross, the lead author of the study, in _The Atlantic_. “That’s very new in psychiatry, to have a medication that works immediately for depression and anxiety and can last for that long.”\n\nThough the research on psilocybin is promising, scientists still don’t understand what exactly is going on in the brain, though they do have some guesses. Psilocybin may modulate the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in the brain, which are responsible for things like:\n* Social behavior\n* Decision making\n* Emotional responses  \n\nStephen says that what may be happening is a kind of “inverse PTSD”—a positive memory that deeply affects trial participants for months afterward, in contrast to a severely traumatic one. \n\n### LSD Resets the Brain\n\nUnlike psilocybin, LSD is a human creation. It was first made in 1938; its psychedelic properties were discovered in 1943, and it was actually used as a psychiatric medicine in 1947. \n\nIn the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency began experiments to see if it could be useful for mind control or chemical warfare, testing it on unsuspecting servicemen and students. Much like psilocybin, LSD gained popularity in the hippie counterculture movement of the 1960s, resulting in its eventual listing as a Schedule 1 substance.  \n\nBefore LSD was outlawed, many studies on its effects took place. So far, studies have suggested that LSD has many of the same benefits as psilocybin: It may [help with alcohol and nicotine addiction, as well as with depression and anxiety](http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2045125316638008). \n\nCurrently, some [young professionals have caught on to this and have begun microdosing LSD](http://www.wired.co.uk/article/lsd-microdosing-drugs-silicon-valley). Though there’s no solid research on microdosing, there are numerous successful accounts from folks who’ve used this method to combat anxiety and depression. \n\nRecent research on LSD has used modern neuroimaging techniques to view subjects’ brains while on the drug. A 2016 study conducted at Imperial College London found that [LSD causes regions of the brain that don’t normally connect to signal to each other](http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/04/05/1518377113). Additionally, those that usually do connect become segregated. \n\nTypically, the brain performs functions such as seeing, moving and hearing via independent networks. But under LSD, these separate networks dissolve, and the result is a more integrated brain, explains Robin Carhart-Harris, one of the lead authors of the study.\n\nIt’s possible that LSD, much like psilocybin, forces the brain to construct new networks, and that this rewiring somehow resets the brain and helps people overcome trauma. \n\n### Guides Are Essential in Psychedelic Therapy \n\nNow don’t go rushing off to try LSD or psilocybin just yet. Besides being illegal and hard to obtain, in the studies mentioned, participants often had a trained professional, or guide, alongside them. \n\n“We call it psychedelic therapy, but we really should call it psychedelic assisted psychotherapy,” says author Michael Pollan, who gave a talk in San Francisco to promote his new book on the topic called [_How to Change Your Mind_](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/529343/how-to-change-your-mind-by-michael-pollan/9781594204227/).\n\nAccording to Michael, in many of these trials, researchers try to play down the role of the guide. However, in indigenous cultures where psychedelics are an important part of religious ceremonies and rites of passage, guides are central to the experience. Also, in these rituals, psychedelics are often used in a carefully designed context, and they’re never used alone. \n\n“These drugs are so powerfully affected by set and setting that it’s only in the company of somebody you really trust, who knows the territory, that someone can surrender to the experience in a way that it can make it productive,” says Michael, who’s interviewed many folks who’ve gone through psychedelic therapy. \n\n“It's really a package that's being tested, and that's weird for the [pharmaceutical] industry or even the medical system,” he adds. \n\nMichael’s right: In addition to needing guides, this form of therapy doesn’t fit into the current pharmacological model. \n\n “Psychedelic therapy is a one time, or a two time or maybe a three-time thing,” he says.  “It's not a pill you take every day and [pharmaceutical companies] are in the business of selling pills people have to take every day, like SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) or antidepressants.”\n\nWhile these drugs are showing promise, it’s clear that there are many hurdles to overcome before these types of therapies are available to the public in the U.S. \n\nPhoto credit: [Chris Arock](https://unsplash.com/@dcarock)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56201c206430320006bb0000/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/14b42/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/f836f/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg 200w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/2244e/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg 400w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/14b42/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg 800w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/47498/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg 1200w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/0e329/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg 1600w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/5775e/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.jpg 3647w","srcWebp":"/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/58556/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/61e93/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp 200w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/1f5c5/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp 400w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/58556/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp 800w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/99238/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp 1200w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/7c22d/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp 1600w,\n/static/a3ea18aeba0404daf19a2b7eb6922c98/4e6e9/82fc9218479928e600e4822f82644231.webp 3647w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":12,"numPages":3,"currentPage":2,"id":5666,"name":"Psychedelics","slug":"psychedelics","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}