{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/science-and-research/5","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_2472-markdown","title":"Studies Show Cannabis May Help with Tourette Syndrome","slug":"studies-show-cannabis-may-help-with-tourette-syndrome","content":"Tourette Syndrome is a disorder with no known cause and, unfortunately, no cure. Doctors often prescribe pharmaceuticals with debilitating side effects to treat it, but new research has found that cannabis improved symptoms without many of the negative secondary effects of other medications.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\nTourette Syndrome is a relatively common Tic Disorder. According to the Centers for Disease Control, approximately one in 360 children between the ages of six and 17 are diagnosed with the disorder. The Tourette Association of America reports that those diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome have had “at least two motor tics and at least one vocal or phonic tic in some combination over the course of more than a year.”\n\nThe cause for all Tic Disorders is still unknown and there’s no known cure for Tourette Syndrome in particular. But, a significant amount of research has been conducted on possible treatment options. Unfortunately, many of these include pharmaceuticals that are ineffective for treatment-resistant cases and can cause a laundry list of adverse side effects like weight gain and social withdrawal. This has led researchers to explore alternative treatment options. \n\nRELATED: [FINDING RELIEF FROM TOURETTE SYNDROME WITH MEDICAL MARIJUANA](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/55a3f80a3832300006340000/finding-relief-from-tourettes-syndrome-with-medical-marijuana)\n\n### Tourette Syndrome Tics Decrease with Cannabis Use\n\nThe first of two recent studies researching cannabis as a treatment for Tourette Syndrome was a [single-subject clinical trial performed in 2016](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558217). The goal of this study was to evaluate whether cannabis could be an effective therapy for those with treatment-resistant cases.\n\nThe subject of the study was treated with 10.8 mg of THC and 10 mg of CBD twice daily via an oral cannabis spray called Sativex. The individual was assessed prior to treatment and then again at one, two and four weeks. During each assessment, the subject completed the [Yale Global Tic Severity Scale](https://www.chadis.com/site/content/yale-global-tic-severity-scale), the most widely used scale to quantify the severity of tics. \n\nResearchers also recorded each session on video. Assessors who were blind to the stage of treatment evaluated the videos according to the Original Rush Videotape Rating scale, an objective rating system used for tic assessment. \n\nIn both measures, the frequency and severity of the subject’s tics showed a marked improvement without any serious adverse effects or impairment on neuropsychological performance. Researchers concluded, “Cannabis can be an effective treatment for Tourette Syndrome and should be considered for those with treatment-resistant cases.”\n\nMeanwhile, a [2017 study](http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16110310?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed) conducted by the University of Toronto and published in the _Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences_ concluded with similar results. \n\nIn this study, 19 adults with Tourette Syndrome were treated using inhaled cannabis. All participants experienced “clinically significant” symptom relief from obsessive-compulsive behavior, anxiety, irritability, impulsivity and rage. Nearly every participant (18 of 19) were at least “much improved” and showed up to a 60% decrease in tic severity.\n\nMost subjects experienced some mild side effects, which can be expected, but all patients were able to tolerate those side effects well. \n\nOverall, researchers concluded, “Cannabis seems to be a promising treatment option for tics and associated symptoms.” In addition, the University of Toronto researchers referenced the 2016 Sativex study, saying that Tourette Syndrome patients who use inhaled cannabis often see better results and greater overall improvement. \n\n### Why Is Marijuana an Effective Treatment for Tourette Syndrome?\n\nSince the cause of Tourette Syndrome is still unknown, it’s difficult for researchers to figure out exactly why cannabis is so effective at treating the disorder. Some researchers suggest that [THC’s ability to activate the CB1 receptors in the endocannabinoid system](http://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/article/Pages/2003/v64n04/v64n0417.aspx), which play a vital role in regulating the central nervous system, could have something to do with its success in treating spasms and other symptoms.\n\n### What States Cover Tourette Syndrome?\n\nCurrently, only a few medical marijuana states specifically list Tourette Syndrome as a qualifying condition. These states are: Arkansas, Illinois, Minnesota and Ohio. Quite a few more allow medical marijuana for the broad condition of “spasms” that typically contain those associated with Tourette Syndrome. These states include: Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island and Washington. \n\nIf you live in one of these states and have access to medical cannabis, it may be time to explore it as a potential option to help alleviate the symptoms of Tourette Syndrome and other Tic Disorders.\n\nPhoto credit: [@kylebroad](https://unsplash.com/@kylebroad)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online. ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/14b42/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.jpg","srcSet":"/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/f836f/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.jpg 200w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/2244e/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.jpg 400w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/14b42/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.jpg 800w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/47498/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.jpg 1200w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/cd7c9/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.jpg 1395w","srcWebp":"/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/58556/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/61e93/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.webp 200w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/1f5c5/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.webp 400w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/58556/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.webp 800w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/99238/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.webp 1200w,\n/static/9a24ee8f88d61993f958bae445f64388/486ac/40bab56d1bf70c49d6b63a0775da99fd.webp 1395w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2408-markdown","title":"Marijuana, Gut Health and the Brain ","slug":"marijuana-gut-health-and-the-brain","content":"Feeling queasy about making a big decision; butterflies in the stomach before a big date; wondering whether to trust a “gut” feeling—though they may seem to be completely separate organs, the brain and the gastrointestinal system are in constant communication. Stressed-out folks have long understood this relationship, and now recent studies reveal that the \n[“gut-brain axis”](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209/)\n plays a role in a long list of health conditions. As it turns out, cannabis may have an important role to play in keeping those lines of communication working smoothly. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Understanding the Mind-Gut Connection \n\nUntil relatively recently, people who suffer from anxiety, depression and other mental health conditions might have been told that their problem was “all in their head.” But recent research reveals that the [opposite is more likely true](https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/the-gut-brain-connection). A complex and comprehensive network of neurotransmitters and hormones shared by both the brain and the digestive tract link these two systems. \n\nHelped along by organisms in the gut biome, this axis of communication is anchored by the [vagus nerve](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997031). The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve, running from the brain all the way to the abdomen. Although it actually consists of two branches, it’s usually referred to as one system. \n\nCommunication between the brain and the gut, which includes all parts of the digestive system from mouth to anus, is possible because many of the same neurotransmitters and receptors occur in both places—that’s why emotions generated in the brain can also be felt in the belly. A good example of this is irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, a condition that often has no clear physical cause.\n\nIf the brain speaks to the gut, the opposite is also true. Dysfunction in the digestive system can be communicated to the brain, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and depression. More evidence for this connection comes from recent studies on treating anxiety disorders and depression by targeting the gut with dietary changes, probiotics and other remedies for gastric problems.  \n\nThe gut-brain network also involves the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system and a little known channel called the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, or HPA. Because so many systems are engaged in this network, its function (or dysfunction) can affect just about every part of the body. But these systems aren’t the only ones to participate in the “crosstalk” along the gut-brain axis—the endocannabinoid system also plays a key role.\n\n### Marijuana and the Endocannabinoid System\n\nThe bodies of humans and other mammals contain a far-flung network of cannabinoid receptors that occur in many organs, nerves, cells and tissues. The endocannabinoid system, or ECS, has two receptors, CB1 and CB2, which are activated by the body’s own cannabinoids: 2-AG and anandamide. These molecules behave similarly to compounds found in marijuana.\n\nTetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the best known and most abundant of the compounds found in cannabis. It’s the psychoactive ingredient that’s responsible for the euphoric and relaxing “high,” but cannabis also contains over a hundred other substances. The second most prevalent of these is cannabidiol, or CBD, a compound that has no psychoactive qualities, but is able to work both with THC and on its own to affect the body’s immune system and many other functions.\n\nAlthough the endocannabinoid system wasn’t discovered until the early 1990s, numerous studies since then have revealed just how deeply connected it is to the body’s other systems. Moreover, the studies have also discussed the important role cannabis can play in activating the ECS to fight disease and maintain good health. Some research suggests that the [endocannabinoid system may actually be the body’s main regulatory system](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997031), acting as a sort of “controller” for other systems, including the gut-brain network.\n\nThe endocannabinoid receptor CB1 is found throughout the body, but particularly in the brain and central nervous system. CB2 receptors occur most often in white blood cells, the peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. These associations mean that the ECS likely plays a role in regulating many essential functions including pain control, pleasure and reward, immune responses, memory and cognition, and mood.  \n\nSome studies suggest that low levels of natural cannabinoids contribute to diseases like fibromyalgia, migraines and IBS. They also speculate that consuming cannabis can help resolve that deficiency and eliminate symptoms of those disorders.\n\nThe systems that contribute to the gut-brain axis also contain endocannabinoid receptors, and the activity of these receptors can regulate dysfunctions in those other systems. For example, cannabis may ease the symptoms of IBS and reduce the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy; it can also aid anxiety and depression. Because endocannabinoids regulate activity in the HPA pathways, cannabis may also help regulate body temperature and support homeostasis, the balance of the body’s physiological processes. \n\n### Cannabis Supports Crosstalk between Systems\n\nThe discovery of the gut-brain axis also revealed a network of connections to many other essential systems, all engaged in constant “crosstalk.” But the endocannabinoid system has receptors in all those networks and more, and recent research suggests that the [ECS may stand behind them all, regulating the crosstalk that keeps the body’s systems working in sync](https://www.leafly.com/news/science-tech/cannabinoids-and-the-gut-how-the-endocannabinoid-system-impacts-m).  \n\nThis relationship between the endocannabinoid system and the gut-brain axis can explain why conditions like anxiety and IBS seem to be connected. It also helps us understand why cannabis seems to have a powerful effect on health conditions of many kinds.\n\nIf you're new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \n\nPhoto credit: [Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/29637120@N08/2828064870/in/photolist-5iUza9-PnAqU-5qhoFx-HE48H-CsQBK-dHeGuM-5QzaFz-85QCWD-pKj69o-8b3y8p-9cBK64-5ZwXTV-7iE8me-5cTyMb-dvVddx-QK6C7G-9LCVja-dL2K3b-7iE8w2-hcdfZ4-dtWLsJ-beNrkr-bNyXdP-rZiuiq-55jDpH-o7doQM-9Bnyq-bC8vXu-dvw7qp-A4vLs-7iE93v-tpDJm-tpDJn-d9YzRk-yMTom-tpDJz-bVMtAx-49ZGkG-6JC2Zx-yMToq-2VZkck-7iE8Jv-a171Nn-tpDJh-oavbQM-3cEGtq-Vj4fYf-tpDJt-86AeND-deyfib)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/2wBDABALDA4MChAODQ4SERATGCgaGBYWGDEjJR0oOjM9PDkzODdASFxOQERXRTc4UG1RV19iZ2hnPk1xeXBkeFxlZ2P/2wBDARESEhgVGC8aGi9jQjhCY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2P/wgARCAAPABQDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFwAAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMFBP/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAED/9oADAMBAAIQAxAAAAHM6ZSlVwsH/8QAGxAAAwACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDABESEzH/2gAIAQEAAQUCmi7WYwjB6G65inIf/8QAFREBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARD/2gAIAQMBAT8BJ//EABURAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEQ/9oACAECAQE/AWf/xAAaEAABBQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAhAAEQERIy/9oACAEBAAY/AujAaNOVdL//xAAbEAADAAIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARExURAhgf/aAAgBAQABPyGpaziRbh+oatI7qElPbXBH/9oADAMBAAIAAwAAABBLH//EABYRAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAEf/aAAgBAwEBPxBCGWF//8QAFhEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAER/9oACAECAQE/EEdIf//EAB4QAQEAAgEFAQAAAAAAAAAAAAERACExQVFxgaGx/9oACAEBAAE/ELHkOCmU7obJXxd/MXBmOhcBfAvvAYFAGodskM70G2fT8z//2Q==","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/14b42/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.jpg","srcSet":"/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/f836f/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.jpg 200w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/2244e/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.jpg 400w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/14b42/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.jpg 800w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/47498/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.jpg 1200w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/54ac5/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/58556/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/61e93/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.webp 200w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/1f5c5/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.webp 400w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/58556/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.webp 800w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/99238/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.webp 1200w,\n/static/03d86d9b7cd9211e98ddb689f10782da/5e0b8/0cc0770eadb5746d3153e48e6eac493c.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2419-markdown","title":"Can You Be Addicted to Marijuana?","slug":"can-you-be-addicted-to-marijuana","content":"Longtime users swear marijuana is a non-addictive herb you can quit any time—no problem. Rehab centers and government websites cite a long list of withdrawal symptoms that prove cannabis is a highly addictive and dangerous drug. Who’s right? The answer depends partly on the definition of addiction itself and on the complex interplay of brain pathways that creates a pattern of compulsive behaviors.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### The Challenge of Defining Marijuana Addiction\n\nFrom a legal perspective, cannabis is clearly considered addictive. It’s firmly placed on the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Schedule I list of highly addictive substances, and [government sponsored drug information sources](https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-addictive) offer a long list of symptoms of marijuana addiction and withdrawal.  \n\nThat position is supported, not too surprisingly, by the [recovery and rehab community](https://addictionresource.com/drugs/marijuana/marijuana-withdrawal/), which lists marijuana withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, gastrointestinal distress, chills and sweating as reasons for seeking medical detox and rehab services.  \n\nRELATED: [CANNABIS: AN 'EXIT DRUG' FOR THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/59f0d5d6453ba8000f3478d6/cannabis-an-exit-drug-for-the-opioid-epidemic)\n\nOn the other side of the debate stands a sizeable community of people who use cannabis both for recreational and medicinal purposes, many of whom say cannabis products of all kinds are not addictive, and it’s possible to stop using them at any point—say, for a job that does drug testing—without feeling any physical or psychological effects. \n\nIn between are those who report feeling irritable, angry, ill or depressed after stopping cannabis, or who see a rebound effect of any conditions they may be treating with cannabis products.  \n\nThe National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse [defines addiction](https://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction) as a “complex disease” characterized by “severe loss of control, continued use despite serious consequences, preoccupation with using, failed attempts to quit, tolerance and withdrawal.” \n\nAssociated with the notion of addiction are other terms such as substance use disorder, substance dependence, substance use syndrome, and substance problem, all aimed at pinning down various stages and aspects of addiction to drugs and alcohol.  \n\n### Does Dependence on Marijuana Equal Addiction?\n\nFor many people, the definition of addiction is physical dependence on a particular substance, such as heroin or alcohol. Stopping those kinds of substances throws the body and brain into crisis, with many well-documented and potentially serious withdrawal symptoms.  \n\nBut many essential medications create a physical dependence, too—and stopping them can also produce that kind of withdrawal. For example, a person taking a potent antipsychotic drug can experience symptoms including seizures and heart arrhythmia if they stop suddenly, but that person wouldn’t be considered addicted to the medication.\n\nEven though the compounds in cannabis bind to the body’s natural endocannabinoid receptors, \nresearch suggests that [less than 10% of cannabis users develop a physical addiction](http://brainblogger.com/2015/05/13/debunking-the-myths-of-marijuana-withdrawal-syndrome/). And if stopping cannabis cold turkey does produce symptoms, they tend to be relatively mild and brief.\n\nIf physical dependence that leads to withdrawal is the main criterion for defining addiction, then users who claim that marijuana isn’t addictive have a point—it isn’t equivalent to substances like heroin and alcohol, which do cause severe withdrawal syndromes. But addiction has other aspects besides physical dependence. \n\nRecent studies on addiction and the brain suggest that compulsion, which explains a wide range of addictive behaviors, [can also explain why some people become addicted to cannabis](http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v2/n10/full/nrn1001-695a.html?foxtrotcallback=true).\n\n### Compulsion: the Force Behind Addictions\n\nIt’s possible to become addicted to many things, from computer games to exercise, to sex. These kinds of addictions have been labeled as “behavioral” to distinguish them from “substance” addictions, which are often assumed to also include physical dependence.  \n\nUnderlying all of them is compulsion—a \n[loop of responses](https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/how-addiction-hijacks-the-brain) that are activated by the relationships between the brain’s circuits for pleasure, memory and problem solving. This loop accounts for key parts of the classical definition of addiction: continuing the behavior despite negative consequences, failed efforts to quit, cravings for the desired substance, and preoccupation with getting it at all costs.\n\n### Compulsion Creates Addictive Behaviors\n\nWhen the brain receives input that is perceived as pleasurable, it responds with a surge of dopamine to a small area called the nucleus accumbens. It doesn’t matter what the source of that pleasure might be—a drug; a behavior; an experience. \n\nOnce that burst of dopamine is triggered, the hippocampus, an area of the brain responsible for processing memories, lays down a memory of the event. After that, the amygdala encodes a specific response to that stimulus. For example, if a person uses cannabis and likes it, that pleasurable memory can lead them to use it again. \n\nIn addiction, another step takes place within this pleasure-reward loop to make the behavior compulsive; it’s not about merely liking a substance but craving it even in the face of negative consequences. Dopamine, the “feel good” chemical, also interacts with another neurotransmitter called glutamate, which is associated with learning and motivation. That adds another piece to the circuit—the drive to repeat whatever action produces that surge of dopamine.\n\n### Defining Marijuana Addiction \n\nThe pleasure-reward learning process happens constantly in many circumstances. Without it, humans would never learn new things, achieve goals, or even survive. But addictive substances and behaviors cause a much faster and more intense surge of dopamine than normal—immediate satisfaction that the brain wants to repeat.  \n\nThose wanting and motivating factors cause users to seek out that feeling again and again, regardless of any negative consequences for doing so. And while they may want to stop, or try to stop, it doesn’t work for long because compulsion overrides other decision-making processes in the brain. \n\nFighting compulsion produces its own kind of withdrawal, which can have both psychological and physical aspects. People can feel anxious, depressed or angry without the object of their addiction. Relationships, appetite and sleep patterns can suffer too, and some individuals may need professional help to move past the addiction.\n\nCan you become addicted to marijuana? That depends on how addiction is defined—and physical dependence is just one piece of the puzzle. When compulsion drives consumption and disrupts a user’s life, the answer may be yes.\n\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \n\nPhoto credit: [S.Su](https://www.flickr.com/photos/24550592@N08/2403082434/in/photolist-4EmqFL-deTTWU-pBb5cV-sJXZ-ajefjM-dZvdCU-6rUX36-ewMccK-3Xomcw-XbYJo7-bqdaYe-8x5Ppt-c9a411-6Vc9y6-i7m9dg-6HDM4v-qEVV2N-aQD35D-ozDgXt-7fdjMr-pXYdRV-bNuDsR-cueFPb-dTKhTh-nWuQbS-9zRLkQ-8N2Udx-fyKCoo-rYB8TN-XDJkUP-HTmKWK-97A7vw-bpC5Q6-atciVR-ppHJYx-6qgVWh-rbzGeX-dKZja1-dpgRQv-g4gYZh-bB7Jzx-5htTyG-r9qoJB-dT2HjM-8ecvGW-hB1gXr-JmspK-cbVpo1-68Ec5h-rdy5Zz)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/14b42/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/f836f/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/2244e/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 400w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/14b42/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 800w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/47498/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/54ac5/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/58556/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/61e93/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/1f5c5/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 400w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/58556/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 800w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/99238/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 1200w,\n/static/d83c8f08d8d028b75198c80d019808d0/5e0b8/efd5de5e538e2151e8f504adfa163193.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2469-markdown","title":"CBD and THC: A Perfect Balance for Healing","slug":"cbd-and-thc-a-perfect-balance-for-healing","content":"Herbalists say that for every poisonous plant, there’s another with an antidote not far away. That kind of balance between opposites is everywhere in nature—and that may help to explain the interplay between THC and CBD, the two most plentiful compounds in the marijuana plant. Although these two substances appear to have opposing effects, in combination each [affects the action of the other](https://www.zamnesia.com/blog-cannabinoid-syngergy-how-cbd-and-thc-work-together-n719) to keep the marijuana high from spinning out of control—and create some potent healing benefits.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### THC: Marijuana’s Most Famous Compound\n\nTHC (officially known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is the most prevalent of more than one hundred compounds found in the marijuana plant. It’s followed closely by cannabidiol, or CBD. Separately and together, these two compounds are the cannabis ingredients to be most closely studied for their applications in treating a wide range of health conditions ranging from cancer to PTSD.  \n\nTHC is probably the best known of marijuana’s many compounds. Its psychoactive properties are responsible for the cannabis “high” enjoyed by recreational users—and for keeping marijuana on the DEA’s list of what they consider to be highly addictive and dangerous drugs. \n\n For most users, that high delivers a feeling of relaxation and euphoria. But for others, THC can cause less pleasant reactions—nervousness, anxiety and paranoia. The likelihood of those kinds of negative effects rises when a user consumes cannabis grown from strains that are very high in THC. Some studies also suggest that long term or extensive use of THC can permanently affect brain functions such as memory or cognition.\n\nBut THC isn’t just good for a good time as it also has potent healing properties. The endocannabinoid system is a vast network of natural cannabinoid receptors that occur throughout the body. These receptors can be filled by cannabinoids manufactured by the body itself, or by introducing cannabis from outside sources like smoking or consuming it. \n\nThe body’s CB1 and CB2 receptors are abundant in the brain, organs and tissues, and THC binds with them in ways that are nearly identical to natural endocannabinoids such as anandamide and 2-AG. That means THC can be beneficial in treating a wide range of health conditions affecting both body and mind—especially when it’s [accompanied by CBD](http://pureanalytics.net/blog/2012/02/19/how-thc-and-cbd-work-together/).\n\nRELATED: [CANNABIS 101: THC vs CBD](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/57a17dc121a3ad00076694fc/cannabis-101-thc-vs-cbd)\n\n### CBD Works In Many Ways\n\nCBD is the second most common compound found in cannabis, and although it lacks the psychoactive properties of THC, many studies have found that it has numerous whole body health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and boosting immune system functions. Available in forms such as oil concentrates, edibles and even skin creams and ointments, CBD can help reduce chronic pain, ease the symptoms of autoimmune disorders and migraines, and reduce the nausea associated with cancer treatment.\n\nBut while THC binds directly with the body’s own endocannabinoid receptors in the brain, central nervous system and other organs and tissues, CBD [works in more mysterious ways](https://www.projectcbd.org/science/cannabis-pharmacology/how-cbd-works). Whether it’s the raw plant form known as CBDA or the extracted version CBD, this compound doesn’t directly bind with either of the body’s cannabinoid receptors. Rather, it either enhances or inhibits the activity of a long list of other receptors and channels that affect processes ranging from the proliferation of cells (particularly cancer cells) to the uptake of the calming neurotransmitter GABA.\n\n### CBD Reins In THC’s Psychoactivity\n\nCBD also has the ability to act allosterically on some kinds of receptors. That is, it can change the receptor’s shape to affect its behavior, either positively or negatively. And in that capacity, CBD can affect the endocannabinoid receptor CB1, even though it doesn’t bind directly to it. As a negative allosteric modulator, CBD weakens the ability of CB1 receptors to bind to THC, and that limits the psychoactive effects of THC while preserving its therapeutic qualities.\n\n### The Entourage Effect: Better Together\n\nThe “entourage effect” is what happens when multiple elements work together to enhance the positive effects of them all. When THC and CBD are used in combination, they produce [much greater \nbenefits](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053780) than when used alone. And studies reveal that those benefits in turn are amplified when the whole marijuana plant is used, rather than isolated extracts of THC and CBD. The combination of THC’s direct effects on the endocannabinoid system and CBD’s activity on other kinds of receptors accounts for the most potent healing properties of cannabis.\n\nCBD helps to prolong the effects of THC therapies for cancer and other conditions. Because CBD is able to weaken CB1’s ability to bind with THC, it slows the breakdown of THC in the liver, so that the effects of the treatment last longer. Studies also reveal that the combination of THC and CBD is more able to [enhance the effectiveness of radiation \ntherapy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398831) to treat high-grade glioma—an aggressive and usually inoperative cancer of the brain—than either of these compounds alone.\n\nResearch also suggests that THC may be helpful in reducing the anxiety and hyperarousal common in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), precisely because that psychoactive high produces feelings of relaxation and can also help eliminate negative memories. But THC is more effective when combined with CBD, which keeps THC’s psychoactivity under control, so that its negative psychoactive effects don’t undermine treatment.\n\nTHC and CBD alone both have their own medicinal benefits. But in combination, the whole seems to be greater than the sum of its parts. The exact proportions of THC relative to CBD in a particular treatment can vary widely, depending on the individual and the goals of the treatment, but finding a balance between these two compounds may be the key to unlocking the many healing benefits of cannabis.\n\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/14b42/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.jpg","srcSet":"/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/f836f/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.jpg 200w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/2244e/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.jpg 400w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/14b42/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.jpg 800w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/47498/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.jpg 1200w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/54ac5/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/58556/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/61e93/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.webp 200w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/1f5c5/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.webp 400w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/58556/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.webp 800w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/99238/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.webp 1200w,\n/static/5c69f35086e35aacf0c326feb36e54dd/5e0b8/de3a5ac376c67184f789ec602cb3378f.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2390-markdown","title":"Do You Have Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency?","slug":"do-you-have-clinical-endocannabinoid-deficiency","content":"Migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia—these painful “functional” health conditions have generally been treated in conventional medicine as separate disorders. But recent research [reveals](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15159679) that these and a number of other chronic problems may have a single cause. Deficiencies in the body’s extensive endocannabinoid receptor system can cause the symptoms associated with these disorders—and [clinical endocannabinoid deficiency](https://www.medicaljane.com/2013/11/08/cannabinoid-deficiency-may-explain-a-variety-of-health-conditions/),\r\nor CECD, can be treated by cannabis in any of its many forms.\r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\r\n\r\nFor people suffering from migraine, IBS, fibromyalgia and autoimmune disorders like arthritis, cannabis compounds like cannabidiol (CBD), and even tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient responsible for the marijuana high, can provide safe and effective relief from pain and other symptoms. And that relief comes without the often-serious side effects of powerful prescription medications. But until relatively recently, the reason cannabis could be so effective in treating conditions like this wasn’t entirely clear.\r\n\r\nRELATED: [WHAT IS THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/what-is-the-endocannabinoid-system)\r\n\r\n### Many Health Problems, One Cause?\r\n\r\nIn mainstream medicine, diseases and chronic conditions like migraines are typically viewed—and treated—largely in isolation, although it’s generally recognized that imbalances in the body’s various systems play a role in the development of these disorders.  \r\n\r\nBut the systems that drive chronic pain conditions and other health problems are wider and more complex than previously thought. This suggests that rather than taking separate medications to treat individual conditions, patients might benefit more from medication that treats the root cause of surface symptoms. \r\n\r\nFor people with clinical endocannabinoid deficiency, that means cannabis compounds could remedy the deficiency and eliminate the symptoms of conditions that are traceable to a shortage of natural endocannabinoids. Here’s why.\r\n\r\n### The Endocannabinoid System Drives Mood, Memory and More\r\n\r\nThe human body—and that of other mammals too—comes naturally equipped with an array of natural [cannabinoid receptors](https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cannabinoid-Receptors.aspx). These cells respond to the presence of cannabinoid (or cannabinoid-like) molecules by producing neurotransmitters that perform an astonishing array of tasks aimed at keeping the body regulated and healthy. \r\n\r\nThe body produces its own endocannabinoids, but it also responds to those consumed from outside sources, such as smoking or eating cannabis. In fact, features of natural endocannabinoids are so close to those in marijuana’s psychoactive compound THC that they bind easily to the same receptors.\r\n\r\nThe endocannabinoid system is a relatively recent discovery. It wasn’t until 1990 that research revealed the presence of a cannabinoid receptor. And in the years following the cloning of that first receptor, CB1, the understanding of the scope and power of the endocannabinoid receptor system continues to expand.\r\n\r\nNow, clinical studies show that the endocannabinoid system drives a wide range of physical and psychological processes, such as immune responses, mood and memory and the perception of pain. When this system is out of balance, and natural cannabinoids are in short supply, problems like chronic pain, anxiety and depression, or immune system issues can happen.\r\n\r\n### The Endocannabinoid System Is a Global Network\r\n\r\nSo far, two endocannabinoid receptors have been identified, and they occur throughout the body, which accounts for the effects they have on so many different processes. These receptors perform different functions, too; this explains how the body responds to the compounds THC and CBD in cannabis.\r\n\r\nCB1 receptors are plentiful in many regions of the brain, including the cerebellum and hippocampus. There, they affect functions like memory, motor control and pain regulation. They’re also found in the spinal cord, as well as in connective tissues, some organs and the gastrointestinal tract. \r\n\r\nThough both kinds of receptors can occur in the same areas, CB2 receptors are found primarily in white blood cells, the tonsils and the spleen—key elements of the immune system. That can explain why CBD in particular appears to have potent anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting effects.\r\n\r\nOne area that's very low in either kind of cannabinoid receptors is the brainstem, home of the autonomous nervous system that regulates breathing, heart rate and other “automatic” functions. For that reason, the risk of sudden death from an overdose of cannabis is virtually nonexistent. In comparison, the brainstem is rich in opioid receptors, so that an overdose of heroin or a prescription opioid medication can easily depress respiration and heart rate to fatal levels.\r\n\r\n### Cannabinoid Deficiencies Affect the Whole Body\r\n\r\nAlthough the endocannabinoid system was discovered nearly 30 years ago, it wasn’t until 2004 that [researchers proposed the concept](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24977967) of a clinical endocannabinoid deficiency that could be the underlying cause of many chronic pain conditions such as [fibromyalgia]( http://nationalpainreport.com/marijuanafibromyalgia-the-data-pile-up-8830103.html), [migraine](http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v32/n6/full/1301246a.html?foxtrotcallback=true) and [irritable bowel and other digestive issues](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940133/).\r\n\r\nThese conditions are often linked to stress, immune system problems and other psychological and environmental factors, but low levels of endocannabinoids could explain them all. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency could also explain why many people say that using cannabis relieves their symptoms, even if they suffer from multiple conditions at once, such as migraine and digestive problems, or fibromyalgia and chronic headache.\r\n\r\n### Treating Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency\r\n\r\nBecause the body does produce its own endocannabinoids, it’s possible to [boost the endocannabinoid system](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951193/) by exercising, engaging in creative “flow” and having bodywork done like massage. Adding more foods like pepper, rosemary, oregano and sage to the diet can also support the system. But for chronic conditions related to pain and stress responses, medical cannabis may be the way to give a depleted system exactly what it needs to return to balance—and general good health. \r\n\r\nIf you're new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \r\n\r\nPhoto credit: [Laura Makabresku](https://www.flickr.com/photos/lauramakabresku/5274227886/in/photolist-934Ncy-784S5m-6vmHTU-7JRaJw-WwHNZE-9ay1Bp-S3r5Qq-6YZvyH-6zW86j-TB9q39-avpzFa-QPAQFN-9u6uD8-7ZpQ8z-7PV2vn-Ln4hi-6KR71d-UqgqmZ-VAdPUm-owkU7S-e5Suzz-7C8htY-VAdQ5w-ardSMY-VAdQfw-Jwv6D-Vsh2yv-VAdPYQ-7GaXdj-Unahiq-VAdQ9j-Vsh2BB-6FZmaG-bqHQRV-8AU3DW-9gRtS6-6k8srb-7hT3pK-5GDj3a-V4zzKs-6Q5kQB-4Ng9Xy-S73i1t-Vsh1Xv-weBQN-7U1K2B-4UHjGk-aYk7u-JmEz3-a1iqWb) ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/14b42/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.jpg","srcSet":"/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/f836f/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.jpg 200w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/2244e/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.jpg 400w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/14b42/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.jpg 800w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/47498/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.jpg 1200w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/54ac5/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/58556/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/61e93/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.webp 200w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/1f5c5/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.webp 400w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/58556/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.webp 800w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/99238/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.webp 1200w,\n/static/939d49b587e64d91c1dc8ed3c58393c0/5e0b8/0ddf98ee17ff8f7676075fd9eb8ac7bf.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2328-markdown","title":"MDMA Assisted Therapy: a Successful Treatment for PTSD?","slug":"mdma-assisted-therapy-a-successful-treatment-for-ptsd","content":"Ecstasy, also known as molly, is a party drug best known for its ability to promote trust, emotional openness, and general good feelings. Now, MDMA, the key ingredient in that party drug, has [won FDA approval](https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/ecstasy-could-be-breakthrough-therapy-for-soldiers-others-suffering-from-ptsd/2017/08/26/009314ca-842f-11e7-b359-15a3617c767b_story.html?utm_term=.c6feac103822) as a “breakthrough” drug that should be [fast tracked to production](https://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/LawsEnforcedbyFDA/SignificantAmendmentstotheFDCAct/FDASIA/ucm329491.htm) for its potential in treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD. But that potential has limitations – and cannabis, another controlled substance, may have far broader applications for treating the symptoms of PTSD.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\nEarly studies [sponsored]( http://www.maps.org/research/mdma) by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) reveal that overall, 83 percent of participants no longer met the criteria for PTSD after using MDMA. That kind of success, say MAPS researchers, is reason to push for final studies aimed at getting full approval to market MDMA for PTSD treatment by 2021.  \n\nThe [results]( http://www.mdmaptsd.org/research-category.html)\n of the MAPS studies have recently made headlines for their promise of new hope for sufferers of PTSD. Those results come from a small number of studies that explore MDMA specifically as a tool for supporting psychotherapy, not as a treatment for PTSD symptoms themselves. \n\nBut decades of research has shown that cannabis, or “medical marijuana,” to be a safe and effective treatment for a long list of health conditions, including symptoms of PTSD. Still, cannabis remains a [Schedule I substance](https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml)\nwith no FDA approval on the horizon, much less recognition as a breakthrough drug.\n\nRELATED: [WHY AMERICAN VETERANS AREN’T ALLOWED TO TREAT THEIR PTSD WITH CANNABIS](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/571eb64b40f3db000c0000d4/why-american-veterans-arent-allowed-to-treat-their-ptsd-with-cannabis)\n\n### What Is MDMA? \n\nMDMA is short for 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine – a [chemical compound](https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly) that acts on the brain’s “feel good” neurotransmitters serotonin and, dopamine. It amplifies emotional connectedness, encourages people to be more open and trusting, and promotes a feeling of euphoria and relaxation. \n\nEcstasy contains MDMA, but the two are not the same. The illegal recreational form of the drug can also include many other ingredients, some of them highly toxic. The MDMA used in PTSD research is a pure, lab-synthesized form of the drug. In all its forms, though, MDMA joins heroin and cannabis on the Drug Enforcement Administration’s list of Schedule I drugs – substances considered highly addictive and having no medical applications.\n\n### MDMA Makes PTSD Therapy More Effective\n\nPeople with PTSD experience a long list of distressing symptoms including nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance, anxiety and depression. A number of medications can be prescribed to treat those symptoms, such as antidepressants or sleep aids. But as used in the MAPS studies, MDMA works in a very different and highly specific way to support recovery from PTSD.\n\nA key part of PTSD treatment is therapy to help people process and come to terms with their memories of traumatic experiences. But that can be too difficult for many PTSD sufferers. The MAPS studies explored whether adding MDMA to a therapeutic treatment regimen would make that process easier. This strategy, called MDMA Assisted Therapy, takes advantage of MDMA’s properties for boosting trust, connectedness and emotional openness to create a better patient-therapist bond and encourage open communication.\n\nParticipants in the MAPS studies received a dose of MDMA just before or during three separate therapy sessions. Researchers found that the drug helped patients feel safer with the therapist and more comfortable talking about their traumatic experiences. In that way, they were able to get the full benefit of “talk” therapy designed to reduce their symptoms. Participants had no access to MDMA outside their therapy sessions, and never received more than three doses.\n\nDid it work? According to MAPS researchers, 83 percent of participants in the 7 preliminary studies no longer met the criteria for PTSD after using MDMA along with therapy. Each study involved a group ranging from 16 to over a hundred participants, most of whom had been diagnosed with treatment resistant PTSD, and they were followed for up to a year after they received therapy.\n \n### Could Marijuana Be A Better Option?\n\nCan MDMA alleviate PTSD symptoms all on its own, without highly structured therapeutic interventions? The MAPS studies don’t address that aspect of the question. But a substantial body of research indicates that cannabis certainly can.\n\nBecause cannabis and all its extracts remain on the DEA’s Schedule I, that designation severely limits government-backed research on its medical properties. But a number of large scale academic and private sector studies show that cannabis can relieve a wide range of PTSD symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, depression and hyperarousal, independent of other kinds of therapies.\n\n### Research on PTSD Symptom Relief\n\nThe number of [studies on medical cannabis](https://www.cannabis-med.org/studies/study.php) for a wide range of conditions including PTSD dwarf the MAPS MDMA studies, where the largest study group consisted of 130 individuals and the typical number of participants in any given study was under 25. Recent [studies](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/hellomd-and-uc-berkeley-release-study-on-cannabis-use-as-a-substitute-for-opioid-and-non-opioid-based-pain-medication )on medical cannabis have included data from more than 3000 participants in the HelloMD database alone, with as many as 91 percent reporting that they got more symptom relief from cannabis alone than from pharmaceuticals. \n\nAlthough the MAPS research revealed that MDMA made therapy more effective, it’s important to remember that MDMA use in those studies was limited to just three doses under the supervision of a trained therapist. Private sector and academic research on cannabis over the past two decades show that cannabis products such as cannabidiol, or CBD, can be used safely over long periods of time as needed to relieve PTSD symptoms, whether therapy is involved or not.\n\nMDMA triggers the production of positive neurotransmitters in the brain, but its effects are limited and relatively short term. Cannabis works with the body’s own vast network of endocannabinoid receptors that affect mood, immune response and a long list of other functions. In that way, cannabis can be used when needed for global benefits to both body and mind. \n\nThe MAPS research on MDMA is racing to its final stages, bringing with it new hope for PTSD sufferers whose symptoms resist other treatments. But MDMA isn’t the only party drug with medicinal properties. Compared to cannabis, it’s just the newest kid on the block.\n\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \n\n[Photo credit EP Holcomb](https://www.flickr.com/photos/thewhocaresgirl/4989856243/in/photolist-ohUmqe-phv4Qx-e7rj8J-6J3E2p-8AWjqc-3fMMmk-dsQrj6-VaoLeR-W4mgHW-VnMJ3v-S8XHh8-aaB3De-6KdwRg-oWK6fQ-4pC8D5-RjPyM9-e6R5ty-5z7nTc-9mmLQd-dtX8Mi-iR3Ad9-dzzVcr-2ek2ea-6ynWpe-65trSe-dvH33S-bU3H4n-QXBQep-9GyLJ1-9MFmGV-TF2jAt-493kSV-fhVAMX-72bnA-bCEdjm-5U33KM-djfETZ-7XFgKN-o97VrA-WZFs4o-fov2jw-atoz8t-6Ad7Zi-aac6uf-5wDznE-e5wkVf-aiv8jJ-dZfTZY-2pTjG4-7EtaKU)\n\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/14b42/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.jpg","srcSet":"/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/f836f/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.jpg 200w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/2244e/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.jpg 400w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/14b42/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.jpg 800w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/47498/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.jpg 1200w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/54ac5/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/58556/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/61e93/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.webp 200w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/1f5c5/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.webp 400w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/58556/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.webp 800w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/99238/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.webp 1200w,\n/static/e9bb14fce21e91ff343e33665f401851/5e0b8/cb5f6dad80e69e62ecea402fbc8a7cfe.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2271-markdown","title":"When Marijuana Makes You Feel Anxious ","slug":"when-marijuana-makes-you-feel-anxious","content":"The main reason many people use marijuana is to experience that relaxing euphoric “high” that drives away stress and anxiety. But for some, cannabis has the opposite effect, triggering the very feelings of anxiety, nervousness and irritability that it’s supposed to relieve. Although these reactions are entirely contradictory, both are also entirely natural—and they can be explained by the complex responses of the body’s own vast network of cannabis receptors, the endocannabinoid system.  \r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\r\n\r\n### The Endocannabinoid System\r\n\r\nHumanity’s relationship with marijuana is a long one, with records documenting its medicinal uses some 4,700 years ago. And the connection is far more ancient than that.  The human body is home to an [extensive network of cannabinoid receptor](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997295/)\r\n that are primed to respond to chemicals bearing a close resemblance to THC, one of the many active compounds in cannabis.  \r\n\r\nRELATED: [WHY DOES CANNABIS MAKE YOU FEEL GOOD?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/582b86cce686fc000c657034/why-does-cannabis-make-you-feel-good)\r\n\r\nThis system, called [the endocannabinoid receptor system, wasn’t discovered\r\nuntil the early 1990s](http://www.beyondthc.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/eCBSystemLee.pdf)—but research since then has shown that the EC system plays a role in just about every function of the human body. \r\n\r\nEndocannabinoid receptors occur in the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and areas of the brain responsible for higher order functions, such as the neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and hypothalamus. These receptors are also present in just about every organ, as well as the connective tissues and blood vessels.  \r\n\r\nAlthough research continues to reveal new discoveries about the functions of the endocannabinoid system, it’s clear that this system is involved with immune responses, pain modulation, mood and controlling inflammation. Activation of some parts of the EC system can also stimulate the growth of neural cells and slow the growth of cancer cells.  \r\n\r\nLike other receptor networks in the body, the EC system functions when a cannabinoid receptor is activated by a matching molecule, like a key fitting into a lock. So far, two cannabinoid receptors have been identified, and they respond in different ways. CB1, found mainly in the central nervous system, is responsible for psychoactive responses such as memory, mood and cognition, and CB2, which occurs primarily in the tissues, organs and peripheral nervous system, tends to regulate immune responses.\r\n\r\nThese receptors can be activated by the body’s own cannabinoid-like chemicals—or from consuming cannabis in any of its many forms. But not everyone’s endocannabinoid system is the same. Certain genes control the expression of neurotransmitters in the EC system, and variations in those genes can cause differences in how (and how much) those neurotransmitters are expressed.\r\n\r\n### Anandamide: The “Bliss Molecule”\r\n\r\nAnandamide is one of those neurotransmitters—an endocannabinoid that binds to the same C1 cannabinoid receptors as THC, the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Anandamide, which gets its name from ananda, the Sanskrit word for bliss, has been called the “bliss molecule” for its key feature of [promoting a state of happiness and contentment](https://www.cannabis.info/en/what-is-anandamide-how-does-it-help-marijuana-users). \r\n\r\nBut anandamide does much more. It also plays an important role in supporting memory, thought and coordination, as well as in suppressing pain and slowing the proliferation of cancer cells. It’s also responsible for that exercise-induced euphoria known as “runner’s high.”\r\n\r\nAnandamide levels are not fixed, and it’s possible to increase them with activities like exercise and intense creative work, which stimulate the release of endorphins, serotonin and dopamine, neurotransmitters that are related to pleasure and reward. Eating chocolate boosts anandamide levels, too, which can explain why so many people turn to chocolate to soothe disappointment and broken hearts. And the highly expensive black truffle contains anandamide all on its own. But because anandamide is so similar to THC, using cannabis is also a way to trigger its calming, mood-boosting properties. For some people, though, other factors interfere with that pleasurable effect.\r\n\r\n### FAAH – Is It the “Feel-Good Gene”?\r\n\r\nAnandamide is a fragile neurotransmitter with a relatively short life. It’s regulated by a gene that produces an enzyme called [fatty acid amide hydrolase, or FAAH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2166), which is responsible for breaking it down. In the presence of higher levels of FAAH, more anandamide is broken down, leaving the system vulnerable to feelings of anxiety and depression. When that happens, the brain is more inclined to respond to the calming effects of cannabis.\r\n\r\nBut when less FAAH is available, more anandamide can continue to circulate in the brain. Those levels can fluctuate for a variety of reasons, but some people have a variant of the FAAH gene that allows higher levels of anandamide to circulate in the brain, causing more overall feelings of happiness and less inclination to recall frightening or disturbing events.  \r\n\r\nIn a recent New York Times article, physician Richard Friedman called [FAAH the “feel-good gene.”](https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/opinion/sunday/the-feel-good-gene.html?mcubz=0) According to Friedman, people with this genetic variation tend to feel naturally more upbeat and calm, so that they don’t typically respond to the relaxing effects of THC in cannabis. On the other hand, people with the “normal” FAAH gene—about 80 percent of U.S. adults of European descent—have lower levels of anandamide, so for these people cannabis is more likely to have a pleasurable effect.\r\n\r\nThe existence of a [\"feel-good gene” that keeps anandamide levels high in some people remains controversial](https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/n-y-times-hype-of-8220-feel-good-gene-8221-makes-me-feel-bad/). But it may help to explain how the relationship between FAAH levels and anandamide can affect the way a user responds to cannabis.  \r\n\r\nAnandamide levels aren’t the only factor contributing to feelings of anxiety and nervousness when using cannabis. Strains with higher levels of THC can overwhelm the system, too—and some people may feel those anxious symptoms at one time but not at others. But the complex play of cannabis and the body’s own endocannabinoid system can have unexpected results—and the path to feeling good can leave some cannabis users feeling bad instead.\r\n\r\nIf you're new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/14b42/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.jpg","srcSet":"/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/f836f/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.jpg 200w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/2244e/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.jpg 400w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/14b42/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.jpg 800w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/47498/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.jpg 1200w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/54ac5/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/58556/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/61e93/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.webp 200w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/1f5c5/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.webp 400w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/58556/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.webp 800w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/99238/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.webp 1200w,\n/static/034c60c1a04e2e20a868933701449f01/5e0b8/e25347d5b444ce1de77673d48a480e13.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2371-markdown","title":"New Research Proves Marijuana Effectively Controls Chronic Pain ","slug":"new-research-proves-marijuana-effectively-controls-chronic-pain","content":"In a recent comprehensive review of current data on the health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids, the [National Academies of Sciences](https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/medical-cannabis-for-chronic-pain) determined that adult patients with chronic pain who were treated with cannabis/cannabinoids were more likely to experience a clinically noteworthy reduction in pain symptoms\n\n![COVID is more and more common as Omicron surges. Cannabis can help with COVID related symptoms.](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Screen_Shot_2022_01_12_at_11_53_00_AM_9ec3b90c8f.png)\n\nThese results are consistent with the findings of a [systematic review from Harvard that was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26103031), which also looked at the efficacy of cannabis on chronic pain. The review looked at studies conducted in the years ranging from 1948 to 2015 and found that six out of six general chronic pain studies supported the finding that cannabis led to significant improvements against chronic pain. \n\nRELATED: [HELLOMD STUDY ON CANNABIS, CHRONIC PAIN & OPIOIDS](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/hellomd-and-uc-berkeley-release-study-on-cannabis-use-as-a-substitute-for-opioid-and-non-opioid-based-pain-medication)\n\n### Cannabis Effectively Replaces Opioids\n\n[HelloMD in conjunction with UC Berkeley](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/hellomd-and-uc-berkeley-release-study-on-cannabis-use-as-a-substitute-for-opioid-and-non-opioid-based-pain-medication), concluded the largest study done to date on cannabis, chronic pain and opioids. The study, which surveyed thousands of patients from the HelloMD database, shows the overwhelming majority of cannabis patients (92%) prefer using cannabis to opioids when managing their chronic pain. Additionally, 81% “strongly agreed/agreed” that cannabis by itself was more effective than taking cannabis with opioids. The results were similar when using cannabis with non-opiate based pain medications.\n\n![Cannabis can replace opioids](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Screen_Shot_2022_01_14_at_8_27_30_AM_a708755839.png)\n\n\nTraditionally, people who suffer from chronic pain have been given large amounts of opioids or high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, which can be addictive and often lead to additional medical problems. In lieu of traditional pharmaceuticals, cannabis is much safer, and it is nearly impossible to overdose.\n\n“Given the safety profile of cannabis compared to opioids, cannabis appears to be far safer,” said Dr. Donald Abrams, professor and Chief of Hematology and Oncology at San Fransisco General Hospital. THC and CBD both aid in reducing pain. THC is a strong analgesic, while CBD helps to reduce inflammation and stop chronic pain at the source. \n\nIf you're new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://hellomd.com/get-started) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.2738853503184713,"src":"/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/ee604/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.png","srcSet":"/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/69585/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.png 200w,\n/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/497c6/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.png 400w,\n/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/ee604/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.png 800w,\n/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/bca7f/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.png 1162w","srcWebp":"/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/58556/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/61e93/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.webp 200w,\n/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/1f5c5/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.webp 400w,\n/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/58556/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.webp 800w,\n/static/2df6135a9f301ff11f0b87458a914d50/23145/8982bd7b129251e3e68cad0b61641666.webp 1162w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2349-markdown","title":"The Healing Powers of Psychedelic Therapy","slug":"the-healing-powers-of-psychedelic-therapy","content":"### What Is Psychedelic Therapy?\r\n\r\nPsychedelic therapy is an innovative treatment for psychiatric disorders, including mental illness, that uses psychedelic drugs such as MDMA or LSD to induce psychedelic “trips\" to help relieve people of their psychiatric conditions. Psychedelic therapy uses  hallucinogens that produce a psychoactive response in order to assist the therapist during psychotherapy. With the assistance of a therapist or \"guide\", patients take a series of journeys, with the intention of making psychiatric breakthroughs. \r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en) \r\n\r\nPsychedelic therapy was largely studied in the 1950s and 1960s, including the work of [Dr. Timothy Leary out of Harvard University](https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/timothy-leary). During those years nearly 40,000 case studies of psychedelic treatment led to 1,000 papers being published on the subject. In the early 1970s, however, the study of the effects of psychedelic drugs on psychiatric conditions was dismissed and then prohibited due to schedule 1 status applied to LSD, MDMA, Psilocybin, as well as cannabis. \r\n\r\n### New Research Being Conducted\r\n\r\nDespite the long ban on the studies, new research is being conducted in California to see how psychedelic therapy could continue to help people. [Habor-UCLA Medical Center in Southern California](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/psychedelic-therapy-tried-by-patients-for-mental-health-psychological-conditions/) is one of the research centers that has begun to conduct FDA approved studies using psilocybin, the chemical in mushrooms that causes pyschoactivity. A recent study conducted by the Medical Center looked at twelve patients with cancer who suffered psychiatric conditions because of their illnesses. The goal of the study was to look at the efficacy and safety of using psilocybin on patients who had anxiety induced by late stage cancer. \r\n\r\nOne of the patients in the study, Annie Levy, who suffered from late stage ovarian cancer, struggled with all-consuming anxiety and depression after her diagnosis. After receiving treatment, however, she saw the complete disappearance of her anxiety and depression, and [her husband Richard said](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/psychedelic-therapy-tried-by-patients-for-mental-health-psychological-conditions/) following her treatment, “It was like someone had lit up a lightbulb in Anne’s head. She was a totally different person.” \r\n\r\n### Reduction in Anxiety & Depression\r\n\r\nAnother study by New York University and John Hopkins University found an 80% reduction in anxiety and depression when cancer patients were treated with psilocybin. Most of the studies that have been conducted have been focused on the potential for psilocybin to be used in psychedelic therapy, rather than other drugs, such as cannabis. \r\n\r\nPsychedelic treatment, though unorthodox, has actually provided many people with relief. In addition, the majority of people surveyed above, a total of 63%, were open to treatment by psychedelics. Surveys have also shown that a higher level of education leads to an increased level of acceptance of treatment by psychedelics, though almost all people who approved of treatment by psychedelics were only were willing to use drugs that were assured to be proven safe to induce the psychedelic therapy. \r\n\r\n### THC May Prove Helpful\r\n \r\nTHC, the psychoactive e component of cannabis has anecdotally shown the ability to have therapeutic benefit for many patients who suffer from anxiety and depression. Certain cannabis products, particularly concentrates like wax, have some of the highest potential to be used for psychedelic treatment due to their high concentrations of THC. Since cannabis is already approved for medical use in many states across the country, it could provide patients with the ability to access psychedelic treatment with a legal medication. Psychedelic therapy could also help people suffering from conditions like PTSD, where we have already seen success with cannabis previously. \r\n\r\nThe [Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies](http://www.maps.org/resources/students/6396-the-kind-welcome-to-the-psychedelic-future-of-mental-illness-treatment) started a small trial at the end of last year to help treat veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The study, which uses cannabis, is inspired by a previous study that used MDMA. Cannabis could become a valuable resource for psychedelic therapy as more and more people open up to the potential benefits of mind altering substances.\r\n\r\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  ","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/14b42/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.jpg","srcSet":"/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/f836f/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.jpg 200w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/2244e/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.jpg 400w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/14b42/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.jpg 800w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/47498/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.jpg 1200w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/54ac5/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/58556/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/61e93/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.webp 200w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/1f5c5/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.webp 400w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/58556/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.webp 800w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/99238/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.webp 1200w,\n/static/c723cf59d96fa3cbd8b882d9f2f633cb/5e0b8/43100ff5e7d96eb6184ddd0739f704e4.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2270-markdown","title":"Alcohol, Not Cannabis, Causes Brain Damage","slug":"alcohol-not-cannabis-causes-brain-damage","content":"### Moderate Drinking Damages Your Brain\r\n\r\nA 2017 study published in the _British Medical Journal_, which was conducted by the University of Oxford and the University College of London, found that even [moderate alcohol consumption could cause damage to the brain](http://www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j2353). The study looked at 500 adults over the course of 30 years and tracked their weekly alcohol consumption. \r\n\r\nThe adults in the study consumed various amounts of alcohol, the levels of which were self reported in the form of units per week. A unit of alcohol in the study was considered 25 ml liquor, 250 ml beer or 76 ml of wine. Even people in the study who consumed 14 to 21 units of alcohol per week, which is well within the guise of recommended limits of moderate alcohol consumption determined by health services, were three times more likely to suffer from hippocampal atrophy than people who consumed lower amounts of alcohol. \r\n\r\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\r\n\r\nHeavy drinkers in the study, who consumed 30 units of alcohol a week, were most at risk for brain damage, followed by moderate drinkers, and then by minimal to light drinkers, who were the least at risk for brain damage. Though this study was observational, and all of the alcohol consumption levels were self-reported, the study points to the fact that alcohol consumption, even in moderate amounts, could cause brain damage. \r\n\r\nIt's important to note, however, most of the people in the study were white, middle-aged males. Alcohol is normally left out of discussions about what drugs can do to the brain and what effects it can have on long-term health. It's important to recognize, however, that despite various folks claiming cannabis may have major adverse effects on brain health, alcohol may be more likely to blame. \r\n\r\n### Cannabis vs. Alcohol\r\n\r\nAnother 2017 study conducted by the University of Colorado at Boulder and the Oregon Health and Science University compared the effects of cannabis and alcohol on the brain. The study, which was published in the journal _Addictions_, found that [alcohol created adverse structure changes in the brain, while cannabis didn't](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646566). The study used neuro-imaging data to look at changes in the brain structure in almost 1,300 adolescents and adults who consumed alcohol and/or cannabis. No brain changes were seen in the neuro-imaging of patients who consumed cannabis. Though the study isn't conclusive, it's consistent with previous findings that cannabis doesn't cause damage to the brain. \r\n\r\nA 2016 study did show [some changes in grey matter in the brain connected to cannabis consumption, though it was only associated with consumption of cannabis by adolescents before adulthood](http://herb.co/2017/07/14/brain-alcohol-cannabis/). Grey matter is responsible for large amounts of information processing in the brain, and large amounts of grey matter are associated with higher levels of intelligence. The study found that there was a decrease in grey matter associated with cannabis consumption only in adolescence, but young adults who weren't smokers before adulthood, no matter how extensive their consumption of cannabis was, didn't show a decrease in grey matter. \r\n\r\nThough the studies are preliminary, they do indicate that cannabis is far less likely to cause brain damage compared to alcohol. Though alcohol is considered to be less dangerous, it actually has the potential to cause far more damage to the human brain than cannabis. The potential for brain damage is often a rallying cry by anti-cannabis advocates to justify the continued prohibition of a potentially beneficial medication, but scientific studies have proved that these claims are completely unfounded. \r\n\r\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \r\n\r\n[Image Credit](https://www.flickr.com/photos/tfurban/39547344144/in/photolist-7fwnLG-yL3d6R-YTvN8m-23fEtB7-23JqUKw-DqCv8V-2S2Ly-r581JU-8zZFfJ-7PJK1w-avFjV-cz8Ui5-VoTow-5HnPhz-Gm6Lhq-dHHHBs-djyuoZ-6Rc8yU-xerXif-7WXrWA-GqFwo-aYp6Qx-VxnoYt-Cagf6-2mX2e-24Xh8An-oCK924-99HzjY-dSTnQi-oa8pv-5RdinR-PtTqZ-7TMHGF-5ErKdA-cgegju-8UhCaq-5ErLC3-8nB3h-8Dhm3a-hfJsEn-24Rm6NH-cE4QHY-XsmYV7-9EEiqj-6NVcuc-a8SKHP-jn99sF-dtRJRG-3hzCma-cTAgv/)","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/png;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5151515151515151,"src":"/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/ee604/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.png","srcSet":"/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/69585/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.png 200w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/497c6/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.png 400w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/ee604/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.png 800w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/f3583/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.png 1200w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/053e0/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.png 1246w","srcWebp":"/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/58556/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/61e93/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.webp 200w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/1f5c5/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.webp 400w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/58556/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.webp 800w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/99238/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.webp 1200w,\n/static/f79cc7b5e7e8b160a6d5f418b29bc743/1356e/5a62662d4e9fb9db7b53ef28cd857a12.webp 1246w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2364-markdown","title":"New Research Shows Cannabis Inhibits Growth of Cancerous Tumors","slug":"new-research-shows-cannabis-inhibits-growth-of-cancerous-tumors","content":"[A new study from St. George’s University of London](https://www.sgul.ac.uk/news/news-archive/cannabinoids-used-in-sequence-with-chemotherapy-are-a-more-effective-treatment-for-cancer), recently published in the International Journal of Oncology, shows that cannabinoids may be able to help bolster chemotherapy treatment by aiding in the reduction of tumor growth. The study was conducted on cancer cells in a lab and looked at the effect of different cannabinoids on tumor growth in cells. Cannabinoids, when used in association with chemotherapy, were able to help kill and reduce growth of leukemia cells. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Cannabis After Chemotherapy\n\nThe study found that when chemotherapy was administered before the cannabinoids, the cannabinoids were far more effective than when they were administered before chemotherapy. The cancer cells were more effectively limited in growth when cannabinoids were used, rather than with chemotherapy alone. Dr. Wai Liu, [the lead researcher on the study, stated](https://www.sgul.ac.uk/news/news-archive/cannabinoids-used-in-sequence-with-chemotherapy-are-a-more-effective-treatment-for-cancer), “We have shown for the first time that the order in which cannabinoids and chemotherapy are used is crucial in determining the overall effectiveness of this treatment.” The researchers also made clear that the effects of the study could not be replicated with smoked cannabis, because smoking whole plant cannabis is different than the highly concentrated extracts used in this study. \n\n\nThis study provides increasing evidence to show that cannabis may have a large potential to help fight cancerous tumor growth. Many different organizations have been conducting studies and trials, including GW Pharmaceuticals, a UK based company that has become known for producing cannabis derived prescription medications. GW recently conducted a clinical trial to see how cannabinoids would effect patients with cancer. \n\n### Cannabis Helps Limits Cancer Growth\n\nTheir [clinical trial](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/02/07/gw-pharmaceuticals-develop-oncology-portfolio-cannabis-medication/) used a drug that contained both CBD and THC, in association with chemotherapy. The study showed that cannabis could help limit growth of cancer cells. The CEO of GW Pharmaceuticals, Justin Gover, stated that, “We believe that the signals of efficacy demonstrated in this study further reinforce the potential role of cannabinoids in the field of oncology.” \n\nThis new study, and the earlier one from GW Pharmaceuticals, show the potential efficacy of using cannabis to fight against cancer cell growth. There have also been other studies, particularly in rats and mice, which have shown that that cannabinoids may be able to inhibit tumor growth, particularly by blocking the development of blood vessels that aid in their growth. \n\n### Cancer Symptom Reduction With Marijuana Use\n\nCannabis is also well known for its ability to be effective at helping reduce many symptoms of cancer. Cannabis can help cancer patients with insomnia, lack of appetite, and pain. These studies begin to show the potential for cannabis to help patients control their cancer, potentially beyond just symptom control. More studies are needed to test just how beneficial cannabis could be for patients, but the prospects are very promising. The increasing evidence indicates that cannabis may become a crucial part of a holistic cancer treatment because of its ability to improve quality of life and bolster chemotherapy treatment results. \n\nIf you're new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56201c206430320006bb0000/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/14b42/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.jpg","srcSet":"/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/f836f/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.jpg 200w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/2244e/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.jpg 400w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/14b42/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.jpg 800w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/47498/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.jpg 1200w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/54ac5/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/58556/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/61e93/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.webp 200w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/1f5c5/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.webp 400w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/58556/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.webp 800w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/99238/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.webp 1200w,\n/static/b57a6a59e12a30f7a42636372369410f/5e0b8/75e2668c37d08d90577b4018892f19f0.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2392-markdown","title":"New Study Finds Cannabis Effective in Treatment for Migraines","slug":"new-study-finds-cannabis-effective-in-treatment-for-migraines","content":"### Treating Migraines with Cannabis\n\nA [new study](https://www.ean.org/amsterdam2017/fileadmin/user_upload/E-EAN_2017_-_Cannabinoids_in_migraine_-_FINAL.pdf) found that active ingredients in cannabis can treat [migraines](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/577d4650d64ada0007000013/treating-migraines-with-marijuana-dr-patricia-frye) better than traditional prescription medications, and with fewer side effects. The results are another huge win for the movement to provide safe, cannabis-based alternatives to opiate-based pain medications in an effort to stem the mounting losses from the opioid epidemic in the US. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### A Global Medical Condition\n\nMigraines affect a billion people, making it the third most prevalent medical condition in the world.  A migraine attack can involve severe pain around one or both eyes, often accompanied by disorienting side effects like nausea and vomiting, and lasting between 4 and 72 hours.  Cluster headaches are brief, acute headaches that happen throughout the day, usually affecting one side of the head or causing pain around one eye.  \n\nAs a migraine sufferer herself, HelloMD’s co-founder [Pamela Hadfield]( https://www.hellomd.com/people/pamelahadfield) says her personal experience with migraines is one of the reasons she started HelloMD. She says, “My migraines were very severe and would not allow me to function normally. After many failed attempts with various prescription medications, I found pain relief with Vicodin, but it also had a significant downside. I started using Vicodin routinely and became worried I might become addicted. When I eventually tried cannabis, I found it not only helped with the pain but it ultimately prevented my migraines altogether. Today, I no longer suffer from the types of migraines that once plagued me.” \n\n### Alternative Treatments Established\n\nThe latest study, led by Dr. Maria Nicolodi of the Interuniversity Center in Italy, aims to show that cannabis can be used as an alternative treatment to traditional pain medication.  The study included 127 participants who suffer from chronic migraines and cluster headaches.  Medical cannabis treatments made up of varying ratios of cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) were tested alongside the traditional medications used for migraines.\n\nIn the first of the two-phase study, 48 adult patients who suffer from chronic, acute migraines were given varying doses of a combination of THC and CBD.  After treating patients with cannabis medicine every day for three months, researchers found that migraine pain fell a significant 55% when patients were given doses of 200 mg or more. (Doses of 100 mg or less were not effective.)\n\nThe second phase of the study tested both patients who experience migraines and those who experience cluster headaches, and tested cannabis medicine side-by-side with traditional medications.  Migraine patients were given either 200 mg of THC-CBD daily or 25 mg of amitriptyline, an antidepressant medication often used to treat migraines.  Patients with cluster headaches were given either 200 mg of THC-CBD daily or 480 mg of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker often used to treat cluster headaches.  Patients in the cannabis group were advised to take an extra 200 mg of THC-CBD when they experienced acute pain.\n\nThe results of the second phase show that THC-CBD treatments led to a slightly greater prevention of migraines compared to amitriptyline (40.4% vs 40.1%) and a significant 43.5% reduction in acute pain.  For patients with cluster headaches (a much rarer condition than migraines), the THC-CBD was effective, but only for those who patients have experienced the headaches since childhood.  \n\nRELATED:[HOW TO STOP MIGRAINES](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5833c3741acf3d000ce08758/how-to-stop-migraines)\n\nCannabis medicine was administered in oral doses, starting with 10 mg of “a combination of the two compounds;” one with 19% THC and the other with 9% CBD and virtually no THC.  It should be noted that no further information was provided regarding the ratio of THC to CBD used, so we cannot draw conclusions about the which compound was more or less effective, but we do see that both used together are effective.  \n\n### Cannabis Treatments Work\n\nDr. Nicolodi concludes that they “were able to demonstrate that cannabinoids are an alternative to established treatments in migraine prevention.”  Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most well-known component of cannabis, is also the primary psychoactive component of the plant, while cannabidiol (CBD), has been making news as a cannabinoid that offers a myriad of therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC.  While the study does not specify what amount of each compound made up the dosage, we know that it was a combination of the two that treated the pain.\n\nThere are still more trials underway to test how effective cannabis can be to treat various conditions, including chronic pain.  Evidence continues to build that cannabis-based treatments can be used as a replacement for opiate painkillers.  This study is one more important step along the way to reducing the amount of people addicted to and overdosing on opiates in our country.\n\nIf you are new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's 100% online, private and efficient.  \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3333333333333333,"src":"/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/14b42/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.jpg","srcSet":"/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/f836f/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.jpg 200w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/2244e/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.jpg 400w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/14b42/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.jpg 800w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/47498/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.jpg 1200w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/54ac5/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.jpg 1365w","srcWebp":"/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/58556/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/61e93/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.webp 200w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/1f5c5/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.webp 400w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/58556/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.webp 800w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/99238/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.webp 1200w,\n/static/7aff1fdecdc3c028ef80bb7b6f77ed5a/5e0b8/504f39508a240cfe102bb72994d094af.webp 1365w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":48,"numPages":9,"currentPage":5,"id":5724,"name":"Science & Research","slug":"science-and-research","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}