{"componentChunkName":"component---common-build-tags-template-js","path":"/tag/science-and-research/","result":{"data":{"allArticle":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_3537-markdown","title":"Specific Cannabis Strains That Ease Anxiety ","slug":"specific-cannabis-strains-that-ease-anxiety","content":"Suffering from anxiety? It’s not just you. It’s a stressful world out there, and many find themselves overwhelmed by intense feelings of anxiety along with anxiety’s uncomfortable and sometimes debilitating symptoms. \n\nThankfully, [cannabis can help ease anxiety](https://www.uniad.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Cannabis_and_anxiety.pdf) and restore functionality for those struggling with this common disorder. Unfortunately, [cannabis can also worsen or induce anxiety](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33008420/) if used incorrectly. While researchers studying cannabis have found some promising results for treating anxiety, few have looked at which strains of cannabis may be best suited to this task. \n\nThat said, a recent study is beginning to change the current landscape—by identifying specific strains that best reduce anxiety. \n\n![Untitledval92.png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Untitledval92_b5db8317b9.png)\n\n### Cannabis for Anxiety \n\nAnxiety is a common condition, and it’s one of the [most frequent reasons why people take cannabis](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/da.22664). Anxiety can seriously impact your life with its array of [negative effects](http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/anxiety-disorders#1) such as:\n\n* Feelings of panic, fear, or uneasiness\n* Dizziness\n* Heart palpitations\n* Difficulty thinking or focusing\n* Tingling in hands and feet\n* Shortness of breath\n* Tense muscles \n* Nausea \n* Insomnia\n\nBut cannabis offers some hope to this stressful picture. Research suggests that cannabis can effectively relieve anxiety. In fact, studies have shown that taking cannabis not only reduces subjective reports of anxiety, it also [reduces the biological indicators of stress](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-017-4648-z) like the chemical cortisol. \n\nRELATED: [MOVE OVER ANTI-ANXIETY DRUGS, CANNABIS CAN HELP](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a35c820100a820006562f27/move-over-anti-anxiety-drugs-cannabis-can-help)\n\nUnfortunately, studies also show that [cannabis can also worsen anxiety](https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/16/10/2273/653108). For example, some studies looking at cannabis and anxiety have found a dose-dependent relationship. Too much or too little of cannabis’s active ingredients, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), and marijuana can go from improving anxiety to worsening it. \n\nTo make matters more confusing, there’s an incredible amount of variety in the cannabis plant. Depending on the strain of cannabis and its chemical composition, you may find very different effects. According to patients’ subjective reports, some strains are better at relieving anxiety than others are. \n\nSo we know that the dose and chemical composition of a specific cannabis strain may be of incredible importance when treating anxiety. Still, no scientific studies have looked into what chemical profiles may be most effective—until now. \n\n![Untitledval91.png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Untitledval91_3fec0ee90e.png)\n\n### Searching for Strains That Relieve Anxiety \n\nFrom a scientific perspective, we know very little about which strains work best for anxiety. But researchers from [Whistler Therapeutics in British Columbia](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2018.00730/full) are starting to change all that. \n\nThese innovative scientists are side-stepping the question of whether cannabis in general works for anxiety and searching for a specific anti-anxiety cannabis chemotype instead. Their study was small and had considerable limitations, but it’s a great start at trying to identify specific strains. Hopefully, this will pave the way for more studies that delve into this complicated issue.  \n\nResearchers on this project worked exclusively with a particular dispensary so that they could survey patients about specific strains. They then used the lab test results from these strains to compare against the responses to the chemical profiles. \n\nFirst, they collected survey information on the 442 patients participating in the study. Patients reported the most and least effective strains for reducing anxiety (from the limited collection that was available at the dispensary). Then they rated the efficacy of each using a scale of 1–10. Using statistical analysis on all of the answers, the researchers accumulated a list of the most and least effective strains for treating anxiety. \n\nThen researchers compared this list to results of two independent sets of lab tests, showing the chemical composition of each cannabis strain. The analysis showed some interesting patterns that may be useful in determining a chemical profile that’s best suited to relieving anxiety. \n\n![Untitledval93.png](https://hellomd-cms.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Untitledval93_ac57b64c9d.png)\n\n### Best & Worst Marijuana Strains for Anxiety \n\nSo, which strains work best for anxiety? The results of the study suggested a few promising strains. The **top-rated cannabis strains** were:\n\n* [Bubba Kush](https://hellomd.com/strains/bubba-kush)\n* [Skywalker OG Kush](https://hellomd.com/strains/skywalker-og)\n* [Blueberry Lambsbread](https://www.leafly.com/strains/blueberry-lambsbread)\n* [Kosher Kush](https://hellomd.com/strains/kosher-kush)\n\nThe researchers noted that this shows a strong patient preference for [Kush varieties of cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kush_(cannabis)) when it comes to treating anxiety. Three of the four top-rated cannabis strains contained genetics from this class of landrace strain originally found in the Kush mountain range of Central Asia. \n\nThe three Kush strains also shared a similar chemotype with high levels of trans-nerolidol, b-caryophyllene, and D-limonene. From a statistical point of view, the most strongly correlated chemical components of these strains that worked best were high THC and high trans-nerolidol. \n\nThe **strains rated as least effective in combating anxiety** were:\n\n* [Chocolope](https://hellomd.com/strains/chocolope) \n* [Blueberry Lambsbread](https://www.leafly.com/strains/blueberry-lambsbread)\n* [CBD Shark](https://hellomd.com/strains/cbd-shark)\n* [Tangerine Dream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Dream)\n\nWhen it comes to ineffective chemical profiles, researchers are looking at the terpene terpinolene. This terpene was dominant in Chocolope, which was rated least effective by far. So researchers suspect terpinolene may account for this strain’s poor effect on anxiety. \n\nGuaiol was another correlated terpene. It was the only “perfect” correlation found in three of the four least effective strains but none of the most effective marijuana strains. Still, it was found in very small amounts, so the authors aren’t sure if it’s just a marker attached to ineffective chemotypes or if it has its own anxiety-causing effects, which are significant enough to cause anxiety even at small amounts. \n\nOther terpenes like eucalyptol, g-terpinene, a-phellandrene, 3-carene, and sabinene hydrate are in similar territory. While significantly correlated with decreased anti-anxiety effects, these were present in such small amounts that it’s not clear how they’re playing into the overall effect.\n\nThese discoveries point the way to strains that may be helpful in treating anxiety. And for those seeking anxiety relief, Kush strains that are high in trans-nerolidol may be a great place to start. \n\nIt's also important to take these results with a grain of salt. Surveys on medical treatments aren’t always reliable, especially with a small pool of respondents (You may have noticed that the marijuana strain Blueberry Lambsbread showed up on both the best and worst list, for example).\n\nIn addition, bear in mind that only a small subset of marijuana strains were tested, so there may be others out there that are even more effective. Double-blind studies with placebos are the next step towards showing the efficacy of particular strains. But studies like this one are a great first step—pointing towards the cannabis strains that we should study in more depth. \n\nFinally, it's important to remember that everyone’s different, and your genetics play a role in how the different types of cannabis affect you. Ultimately, you’ll have to try these varieties out yourself and see which works best for you.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/14b42/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/f836f/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg 200w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/2244e/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg 400w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/14b42/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg 800w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/47498/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/0e329/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg 1600w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/47186/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.jpg 2594w","srcWebp":"/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/58556/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/61e93/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp 200w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/1f5c5/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp 400w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/58556/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp 800w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/99238/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp 1200w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/7c22d/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp 1600w,\n/static/d6afb198ef2f009a89abbc85319a7518/2253c/f30ba31437a65c1ff5a16251940872eb.webp 2594w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_3070-markdown","title":"Cannabis & Its Effect on the Heart: It’s Complicated","slug":"cannabis-and-its-effect-on-the-heart-its-complicated","content":"[Kevin Smith, director of cult films such as “Clerks,” “Mallrats” and “Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back,” says cannabis saved his life](https://www.metro.us/body-and-mind/health/can-marijuana-prevent-heart-attacks). \n\nBack in 2018, the writer/director suffered a massive heart attack—a kind that only 20% of patients survive and that doctors call “the widowmaker.” But Smith had been smoking a lot of cannabis earlier in the day, and he says his doctors told him that all of that marijuana may have saved his life.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/explore/locations/564935726915516/united-states/san-francisco-california/hellomd/)\n\nHow? It isn’t completely clear—though Smith credits his consumption for keeping him calm and relaxed during his heart attack, something his doctors said kept his condition from deteriorating further.\n\nToday, Kevin Smith is healthy and back at work. No word on whether he’s still consuming cannabis, but his story highlights the contradictory and often confusing evidence about cannabis’s effects on the heart. \n\nConsiderable research shows that [cannabis can contribute to increased rates of heart attack and stroke](https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/marijuana-and-heart-health-what-you-need-to-know), especially in people who already have some form of heart disease. \n\nBut [recent research reveals some surprising discoveries about the benefits of cannabis](https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707517)—and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in particular—for a healthy heart.\n\n### How Does Cannabis Affect the Heart?\n\nThe _Cannabis sativa_ plant contains over 100 different compounds and terpenes—oils that add flavors and scents to all plants. \n\nEach cannabis strain has its own unique profile of cannabinoid compounds and terpenes, but they all contain significant amounts of two major cannabinoids: THC and cannabidiol (CBD). Though the proportions of CBD and THC can vary across strains, these two compounds account for many of the various effects cannabis can have on your health.  \n\nRELATED: [IS CBD GOOD FOR YOUR HEART?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5c64cc2aeb14100009da222b/is-cbd-good-for-your-heart)\n\nCBD has a long list of documented health benefits. It doesn’t get you high like THC can, but it has been reported to:\n\n* Relieve pain\n* Fight inflammation\n* Protect the delicate neural structures of the brain \n\nTHC is responsible for the classic marijuana euphoric high, as well as many of the potential undesirable side effects of consuming cannabis, such as:\n\n* Anxiety\n* Paranoia \n* Agitation  \n\nThese compounds and others trigger receptors in the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), a widespread network that responds to cannabinoid chemicals produced naturally by the body as well as ones from outside sources, mainly the cannabis plant.  \n\nWhether it’s smoked, vaped or consumed some other way, [natural cannabis with the full complement of compounds and terpenes has a number of complex effects](https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/marijuana-and-heart-health-what-you-need-to-know) on the heart and blood vessels. These include:\n\n* Elevated blood pressure\n* Rapid resting heart rate\n* Dilated blood vessels, which cause red eyes and flushing\n\nSome research also indicates that [the risk of a heart attack or stroke can rise dramatically in the hour after consuming cannabis](https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2016/09/22/08/58/marijuana-and-coronary-heart-disease), especially if it’s smoked. This risk is greater, too, if a person has an existing heart condition; scientists think THC is to blame for these risks.\n\nBut the plant can also improve a person’s survival rate after a heart attack or stroke. Recent research indicates that [cannabis could reduce the risk of a condition called atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat](https://www.livescience.com/60988-marijuana-heart-failure.html), in people who are already experiencing heart failure. \n\nNow, some studies suggest that for reasons that remain unclear, THC, as well as CBD, can have some unique benefits for helping the heart.\n\n### What Causes Coronary Artery Disease?\n\n[Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease](https://www.heart.org/en/news/2019/01/31/cardiovascular-diseases-affect-nearly-half-of-american-adults-statistics-show), and it’s one of the leading causes of death in the US. Atherosclerosis, or “hardening of the arteries,” causes coronary artery disease. That’s a process in which plaque builds up on the walls of arteries that supply blood to the heart and brain. \n\nPlaque is a combination of:\n\n* Cholesterol deposits\n* Fatty substances\n* Other kinds of cells\n\nWhen all of this accumulates on artery walls, they become stiff and narrow.  Over time, accumulated plaque can reduce the flow of blood, or even block it entirely, causing a heart attack. \n\nPlaque deposits can also break off and travel to other blood vessels, where they can block blood flow and cause strokes.  \n\n### THC May Protect Arteries\n\nTreatment for coronary artery disease includes lifestyle changes such as:\n\n* Quitting smoking \n* Performing regular exercise\n* Taking powerful drugs such as beta-blockers and statins \n\nSurgery may be needed to clear blocked arteries or place a stent to help blood flow.  \n\nBut some studies suggest that THC can affect ECS receptors in the arteries themselves to reduce the buildup of plaque.\n\nIn a study reported in the _British Journal of Psychopharmacology_, researchers found that people with atherosclerosis have elevated levels of a certain type of cell, called foam cells.  \n\nThese cells gravitate to the fatty deposits on artery walls, where they ingest low-density lipoproteins—the LDL cholesterol that’s popularly known as bad cholesterol. This gives them an easily identifiable foamy appearance. As they accumulate, they form the plaque that causes the narrowing and blockage of arteries.\n\nThe ECS is made up of receptors, called CB1 and CB2. These receptors are found in varying amounts throughout the body’s cells and tissues. According to research, the foam cells that cause artery plaque contain CB2 receptors. When THC activates these receptors, it appears to prevent foam cells from depositing fatty plaque on artery walls.\n\nLow doses of THC may also protect the arteries from damage that LDL cholesterol causes. Oxidation of cells causes the release of free radicals, toxic byproducts that can damage cells and accelerate their decay. \n\nWhen LDL cholesterol oxidizes, it can produce inflammation that damages artery walls. But low doses of THC also seem to inhibit the activity of an enzyme that oxidizes LDL cholesterol. This reduces inflammation levels that also contribute to coronary artery disease.\n\nThe relationship between cannabis and the heart is complex, and scientists are still working to understand why cannabis can protect the cardiovascular system under some circumstances and raise the risk of heart attack and stroke in others. But recent discoveries about THC’s power to affect artery plaque could point the way to new, safer ways to protect the heart.\n\nPhoto credit: Microgen/Shutterstock.com\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana/) index of articles. And if you have questions about cannabis, [ask them](https://www.hellomd.com/answers) and our community will answer.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/14b42/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg","srcSet":"/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/f836f/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg 200w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/2244e/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg 400w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/14b42/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg 800w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/47498/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg 1200w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/0e329/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg 1600w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/ffa36/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.jpg 1773w","srcWebp":"/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/58556/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/61e93/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp 200w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/1f5c5/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp 400w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/58556/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp 800w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/99238/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp 1200w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/7c22d/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp 1600w,\n/static/e3511c9ab8835b799f1cb146d20c97fd/d1528/4c1371ab4988bd529ae0739e4a834ed1.webp 1773w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2972-markdown","title":"How THC & CBD Work to Fight Pain","slug":"how-thc-and-cbd-work-to-fight-pain","content":"Over and over, we hear countless anecdotal reports from medical marijuana patients about how cannabis has helped relieve their pain and improve their quality of life. \n\nIn fact, [a joint study](https://hellomd.com/articles/hellomd-and-uc-berkeley-release-study-on-cannabis-use-as-a-substitute-for-opioid-and-non-opioid-based-pain-medication/) from HelloMD and the University of California Berkeley surveyed 2,897 people on their cannabis consumption and found that 63% took cannabis to help them manage a pain-related condition. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_us/?utm_medium=copy_link/)\n\nBut how does cannabis do this? Why is it able to address a variety of different types of pain so effectively? The answer is, as it is with most things involving cannabis, complicated and incomplete. \n\nCannabis has over 100 active compounds that contribute to its therapeutic effects. Of these compounds, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most well researched. \n\nAlthough research is still lacking, the studies that we have show that both of these cannabinoids seem to affect the body’s pain-processing systems in a way that reduces overall pain. \n\n### A Quick Overview of the Endocannabinoid System \n\nWe can’t talk about how THC and CBD relieve pain in the body without mentioning the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This network of receptors is located throughout the body, and it’s what cannabis works on to bring about its therapeutic effects.\n\nThe ECS has three main components:\n\n* Receptors: CB1 and CB2\n* Endocannabinoids: anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)\n* Enzymes\n\nAnandamide and 2-AG attach to and activate the CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively. By attaching to the receptors, these endocannabinoids are able to tell your brain to perform different tasks related to maintaining balance in the body.\n\nTHC, the psychoactive component in marijuana, can also attach to the CB1 receptor. THC’s affinity for this receptor is what brings about the characteristic high you feel when consuming cannabis.\n\nCBD, on the other hand, influences the ECS, but we still don’t fully understand how. It doesn’t attach to endocannabinoid receptors with the same gusto as THC does. Rather, CBD seems to bring about certain therapeutic effects by:\n\n* Influencing how some receptors send out signals\n* Acting on receptors outside of the ECS\n* Disrupting the breakdown of important molecules\n\nRELATED: [STUDIES SUPPORT CANNABIS AS AN EFFECTIVE PAINKILLER](https://hellomd.com/articles/studies-support-cannabis-as-an-effective-painkiller/)\n\n### How THC Reduces Pain in the Body \n\nThough we still don’t have a full picture of how THC alleviates pain in the body, we do know a few things:\n\nTHC can activate CB1 receptors in the brain and spinal cord to influence how we feel pain. It can also influence the activation of opioid receptors in these regions. These receptors also play a role in our pain response. \n\nA recent small study in the journal _Neurology_ may shed further light on how THC affects how we feel pain. Fifteen male participants with neuropathic pain were given THC in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.\n\nThe researchers did pain assessments and took brain scans before and after THC administration. At the end of the study, researchers found that THC significantly reduced participants’ pain compared to the placebo. \n\nAnd their brain scans held some interesting findings. \n\n\"Our study results link pain relief from THC with a reduction in the connections between areas of the brain otherwise heavily connected, suggesting that THC may alleviate pain by disrupting signals between these pain processing pathways,\" said Dr. Haggai Sharon, one of the study’s authors, in a statement.\n\n\"Interestingly, our results also show that the more connected the areas of the brain that process emotion and sensory prior to treatment, the greater the pain relief experienced when taking THC,\" she added. \n\nTHC may also bring about pain relief through CB2 receptors, some of which are located on immune cells; these receptors are often associated with the body’s inflammatory response. Although THC doesn’t prefer to attach to the CB2 receptor, researchers think that THC somehow influences CB2 to dampen the body’s response to an injury. \n\n### How CBD Eases Pain \n\nAlthough CBD doesn’t directly attach to CB1 or CB2 receptors, it still has a powerful effect on how we feel pain, as evidenced by myriad anecdotal reports. \n\nResearch suggests that like THC, CBD influences CB2 receptors on immune cells and tells the body to dial down its inflammatory response. CBD may do this by blocking chemicals that trigger inflammation in the body. \n\nCBD can also indirectly affect CB1 receptors. By preventing the breakdown of anandamide, CBD is able to increase levels of this endocannabinoid, perhaps leading to improved mood and reduced pain levels. \n\nBut CBD can also work outside of the ECS to alleviate pain. Some studies have found that CBD can dampen neurotransmitter pain signals and activate serotonin receptors. CBD can also influence another receptor: TRPV1, also called vanilloid receptor 1 or the capsaicin receptor. \n\nTRPV1 helps regulate body temperature and influences how we feel pain. Physical and chemical cues can activate this receptor, but CBD as well as capsaicin, the molecule responsible for the spicy sensation of chili peppers, can also activate it.\n\nWhen we eat a chili pepper, capsaicin acts on the TRPV1 receptors in our brain cells, making us feel that burning sensation we associate with spicy foods.\n\nWith repeated exposures, these brain cells no longer signal that burning sensation to our brain when capsaicin attaches to TRPV1. This may be why some people have a higher tolerance for spicy foods—their TRPV1 receptors have become desensitized.\n\nBut capsaicin does more than make our mouth burn when we eat spicy foods. It also has anti-inflammatory and anti-seizure properties.\n\nThe researchers in this study think that CBD behaves in a similar way to capsaicin—except without giving that spicy sensation. Somehow CBD desensitizes TRPV1 receptors, reducing our pain response.\n\nWhile we still don’t fully understand how THC and CBD relieve pain in the body, it’s clear that they’re affecting the body’s nervous system and inflammatory response in a way that reduces overall pain. \n\nAs the stigma surrounding the plant slowly dissipates, we’ll be able to fill in a better picture of how THC, CBD and the other components of the cannabis plant work to ease pain. And by doing this, we’ll hopefully be able to develop better medicines to help folks manage painful conditions. \n\nPhoto credit: Martin Gaal/Shutterstock\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana/) index of articles. And if you have questions about cannabis, [ask them](https://hellomd.com/questions-and-answers/) and our community will answer.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/14b42/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/f836f/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg 200w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/2244e/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg 400w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/14b42/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg 800w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/47498/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/0e329/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg 1600w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/ffa36/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.jpg 1773w","srcWebp":"/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/58556/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/61e93/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp 200w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/1f5c5/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp 400w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/58556/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp 800w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/99238/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp 1200w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/7c22d/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp 1600w,\n/static/d7bfea9ecf5db01730dd2c89ff6b11ff/d1528/44025cb7fb729e893c855b84bd80009b.webp 1773w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2906-markdown","title":"Can CBD Speed Up Your Metabolism?","slug":"can-cbd-speed-up-your-metabolism","content":"Every week, it seems there’s a new supplement or diet that promises to boost your metabolism and increase weight loss. But just as quickly as these products hit the scene, they fade into the crowded graveyard of short-lived health and wellness trends. \n\nWith so many fads out there, the question that inevitably comes up is: Are there any natural ways to increase metabolism and burn fat? \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_us/?utm_medium=copy_link/)\n\nYou’ve probably heard of cannabidiol (CBD)—a nonintoxicating cannabinoid found in cannabis—and its ability to help fight a variety of conditions like:\n\n* Intractable seizures\n* Anxiety\n* Chronic pain \n* Inflammation\n\nBut have you considered CBD to help speed up your metabolism? According to HelloMD’s co-founder Pamela Hadfield, adding CBD to her daily routine gave her metabolism the boost it needed to get rid of some stubborn baby weight hanging around after her last pregnancy. \n\nRELATED: [CBD OIL VS. HEMP OIL ](https://hellomd.ca/articles/cbd-oil-vs-hemp-oil-is-one-better-than-the-other/)\n\nAnecdotal evidence has long been the guiding light for cannabis-related research. So, what do researchers have to say about the metabolism-boosting claims around CBD?\n\n### What Is Metabolism?\n\nBefore diving into relevant research on CBD’s ability to influence metabolism, let’s get the facts straight. What is metabolism? And why is boosting metabolism integral to weight loss?\n\nYour body needs a certain level of energy to perform basic functions, like breathing and pumping blood. Metabolism is a combination of metabolic processes that create this energy. Metabolism converts food and nutrients into energy and rids the body of waste products. It’s responsible for delivering nutrients on the cellular level, which go on to create energy for muscles, nerves and cells. \n\nWhen people discuss metabolism in the context of weight loss, they’re referring to the rate at which the body burns calories into energy. Everyone’s metabolic rate is different. And that rate can even vary day to day, depending on what activities you’re doing and what you’re eating. \n\nGenerally speaking, the faster the metabolism, the better for weight loss. The more calories that can be burned in the form of energy, the easier it is to maintain a healthy weight. And while some aspects of metabolism are immutable, based on genetics and age, there are some natural ways to boost the body’s metabolic rate. \n\n### How the Endocannabinoid System Influences Metabolism \n\nThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) is the network in the body that processes cannabinoids like CBD. It does this via an intricate system of two types of receptors called CB1 and CB2. Cannabinoids interact with these receptors like a lock and key. \n\nThese receptors are found throughout the body, including in the brain and digestive tract, and influence many physiological processes like metabolism and appetite. Specifically, the ECS is thought to aid in transporting nutrients and storing energy.\n\nBut not all of the ECS’s influence on metabolism is positive. Over-activation of the ECS, specifically CB1 receptors, [can actually slow metabolism down](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2228268/). The CB1 receptors can be over-activated by consuming too much of certain cannabinoids, like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabinol (CBN). This can lead to increased:\n\n* Belly fat\n* Appetite\n* Blood sugar\n* Blood pressure \n\nLuckily, not all cannabinoids have this effect. \n\nRELATED: [HAVING TROUBLE SLEEPING? TRY NON-PSYCHOACTIVE CBN](https://hellomd.com/articles/having-trouble-sleeping-try-non-psychoactive-cbn/)\n\n### Using CBD to Boost Metabolism\n\nIf you want to speed up metabolism with a natural supplement, CBD is an increasingly promising option for a number of reasons. First, CBD can actually keep CB1 receptors from being over-activated. That’s because CBD is a CB1 antagonist, meaning it keeps CB1 receptors from activating and can work to rev up metabolism as a result. \n\nThere are some other interesting ways CBD works to boost metabolism. A study conducted by Korean researchers and published in the _Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry_ observed CBD’s effect on immature fat cells. The researchers concluded that [CBD boosts metabolism in three ways](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-016-2702-5): \n\n1. Increasing the body’s ability to burn calories by boosting the activity of the mitochondria in cells \n2. Decreasing the availability of proteins that are necessary to generate fat cells  \n3. Aiding in the browning of fat by stimulating genes and proteins to more effectively break down and oxidize fat cells \n\n### CBD & Fat Browning: What You Need to Know \n\nThe final point in the list above is one of the most interesting aspects of CBD for boosting metabolism and aiding in weight loss. \n\nDid you know not all fat is unhealthy? Did you even know there were different types of fat? If not, no worries. Even scientific researchers are just beginning to really dive into the difference between white and brown fat. What’s fueling this new interest on the topic is something called fat browning.\n\nWhite-colored fatty tissue stores energy in the body. This is the type of fat that’s associated with negative health outcomes, like increased risk of heart disease and diabetes. \n\nOn the other hand, brown fatty tissue burns energy and can actually increase weight loss. According to a study from the _Diabetes & Metabolism Journal_, [brown fat can increase energy expenditure and produce heat, limiting weight gain](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768046/).\n\nAnd the more brown fat in your body, the more effective it is. Researchers from this study go so far as to say that brown fat is a “good candidate organ to treat obesity and its related disorders.” \n\nLuckily, it’s possible to turn white fat into brown fat. Researchers know that through a process of activating immune cells in the fat and/or cold exposure, white fatty tissue can turn into its more effective sibling.\n\nBut as the study referenced above suggests, [CBD can also turn white fat into brown fat](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-016-2702-5), boosting metabolism, burning more energy and limiting weight gain. \n\nWhile more research is always needed, the studies that do exist on the topic of CBD and metabolism are promising. If you’ve had personal experiences with weight loss or a boost to your metabolism after taking CBD, we’d love to hear about it in the comments.\n\nPhoto credit: [Peter Conlan](https://unsplash.com/@peterconlan)\n\nWant to try CBD, but don’t know where to start? [Shop our selection of high-quality, lab-tested CBD products](https://hellomd.com/)and have them shipped to your door. And if you have questions about CBD, [ask them](https://hellomd.com/questions-and-answers/) and our community will answer.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/14b42/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg","srcSet":"/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/f836f/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg 200w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/2244e/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg 400w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/14b42/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg 800w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/47498/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg 1200w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/0e329/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg 1600w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/d59ca/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.jpg 3666w","srcWebp":"/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/58556/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/61e93/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp 200w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/1f5c5/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp 400w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/58556/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp 800w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/99238/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp 1200w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/7c22d/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp 1600w,\n/static/ec7a3804af541eee2db732c463039f04/53f94/0fff638b63882777b5daeb5d96cf1c6b.webp 3666w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2895-markdown","title":"Are Single-Cannabinoid Plants the Future of Cannabis?","slug":"are-single-cannabinoid-plants-the-future-of-cannabis","content":"Humans have used cannabis for thousands of years, and we’ve done a great job of tailoring it to our needs through a long history of selective cultivation. But as cannabis research restrictions loosen, and demand for the plant increases, many now wonder whether we’re on the brink of a new era in cannabis production. Could genetically modified cannabis be right around the corner? \n\nSome say yes, but many experts disagree. While companies are already working on producing single-cannabinoid plants, they say it’s not genetic modification that will change how we produce cannabis, but rather a technique known as genetic editing. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_us/?utm_medium=copy_link/)\n\n### Genetically Modified Cannabis? \n\nGenetic modification involves splicing in genes from one organism into another organism. Meanwhile, gene-editing uses genes in the editing process that already belong to the original organism itself. \n\nGenetic modification is fairly common. Especially when it comes to agricultural products, genetic modification has been used to make crops that are hardier, larger and better able to withstand the conditions of conventional farming. While many see genetic modification as a beneficial development, others worry it could lead to problems down the road. \n\nBut regardless of your view on genetically modified products, now that cannabis is becoming a legal agricultural crop in many areas, people have begun to wonder when cannabis as a genetically modified organism (GMO), rich with unnaturally high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or other desirable cannabinoids, will start to hit the shelves. \n\nRumors of GMO cannabis started popping up back in 2016, when a fake news article claimed that Monsanto—one of the world’s largest producers of GMO agriculture products—had begun development of a GMO cannabis strain. \n\nBut according to Monsanto, this rumor is unfounded. “[Monsanto has not and is not working on GMO marijuana](https://monsanto.com/company/media/q/does-monsanto-make-gmo-cannabis-seed/),” the company clarified on its website, adding, “This allegation is an internet rumor.” \n\n ### The GMO Cannabis Debate\n\nStill, the rumor got people talking and looking ahead (either in fear or hopeful expectation) to the time when GMO cannabis is a reality. “The cannabis industry should be aware that sooner rather than later, there will be big agriculture at play in this industry,” says Reggie Guadino of [Steep Hill Labs](https://www.steephill.com/), a California-based cannabis testing lab. \n\nReggie believes GMO cannabis will be coming soon. “I think a lot of people are afraid of it, because of genetics,” he says. “Really, it’s something that all agriculture does because it makes sense, because we have the tools and the technology and can do things in a more cost effective, intelligent manner.” \n\nBut other experts disagree. Mowgli Holmes, genetics researcher and CEO at the Portland-based cannabis research company [Phylos Bioscience](https://phylos.bio/) says that genetic modification may not be as useful for cannabis as it has been for other crops. “I don’t think there is anything that GMOs could do for cannabis that we need that couldn’t be done by advanced plant breeding technique,” he explains, adding “GMOs can make cannabis that glows in the dark, but we don’t need that.”\n\nCJ Schwartz, a cannabis genetics expert and biochemist at Colorado genomic research company [Marigene](https://www.marigene.com/), agrees, saying, “I truly don’t think there is any GMO cannabis out there.” He says that genetic modification could get plants to do tricks like produce more THC, but that it isn’t needed for this.\n\n“There’s also ways that nature will do that by itself through gene duplication,” he says.\n\n### The Science of Genetic Editing \n\nThe genetic experts don’t think GMO cannabis is likely, not because it’s impossible, but just because it seems unnecessary. Still, a similar technique, [genetic editing](https://www.businessinsider.com/difference-between-genetically-edited-crops-and-gmos-2016-2) may be better at transforming cannabis into a more efficient crop. \n\nIn fact, one company, [Ebbu](https://www.ebbu.com/science-ebbu/), a Colorado-based cannabis research company, is already using this technique to create single cannabinoid plants—rich with one particular cannabinoid. \n\nEbbu has focused on the science of maximizing yields of particular cannabinoids. “The plant is a wildly efficient way of producing complex compounds,” explains Ebbu’s CEO Jon Cooper. “From a processing perspective, it’s a lot easier if that plant is only producing one compound. What if we could just make a CBG-only plant?”\n\nRELATED: [BEYOND THC AND CBD; WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CBC, CBN & CBG](https://hellomd.com/articles/beyond-thc-and-cbd-what-you-need-to-know-about-cbc-cbn-and-cbg/)\n\nAnd so, they are. A CBG or cannabigerol-only cannabis plant is currently in development and is expected to be available in the near future. \n\nEbbu _has_ used genetic modification in the past. In fact, it used jellyfish DNA to make cannabis that glows in the dark. (Sorry, Ebbu won’t be releasing those genetics.) But the company doesn’t see much use for it and so is focused on gene editing instead. Cannabis already has everything we need within its own genetic code. \n\nUsing these genetic editing techniques, researchers could create plants to produce a variety of isolated compounds more efficiently. These isolated compounds could then be combined in specific ratios to create more complex medicinal products.\n\nWhile it’s unlikely anyone will want to smoke these single-compound flowers, they would make things easier and more cost effective for producers to create infused products with precise ratios of cannabinoids and terpenes. \n\nWe’ll have to wait and see how the CBG-only plant turns out. But the potential to change the way the industry produces cannabis’s active components is huge. \n\nWhile a future of GMO cannabis may be unlikely, one with single cannabinoid plants appears to be just around the corner. \n\nPhoto credit: [Mark](https://www.flickr.com/photos/eggrole/)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-marijuana/) index of articles. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/14b42/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/f836f/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg 200w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/2244e/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg 400w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/14b42/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg 800w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/47498/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/0e329/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg 1600w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/00cb9/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.jpg 3187w","srcWebp":"/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/58556/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/61e93/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp 200w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/1f5c5/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp 400w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/58556/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp 800w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/99238/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp 1200w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/7c22d/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp 1600w,\n/static/d8ba70e5199609315c634a4f2398782b/971f2/2f86e7c07458ce5f2ad03cb4cfa3fb76.webp 3187w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2849-markdown","title":"How Does Cannabis Affect Over-the-Counter Medications?","slug":"how-does-cannabis-affect-over-the-counter-medications","content":"Cannabis can be an effective treatment for many health conditions, or simply a way to relax after a long day. But [marijuana can interact with more than 600 different medications](https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/cannabis.html). This includes not only prescription drugs but also common over-the-counter (OTC) preparations. \n\nIf you’re taking cannabis along with nonprescription drugs for pain, sleep, indigestion or coughs and colds, [cannabis could affect how a key set of liver enzymes processes these medications](https://doh.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/doh/publication/attachments/Medical%20Cannabis%20Adverse%20Effects%20and%20Drug%20Interactions_0.pdf). This affects bioavailability. In other words, how available these medications are to your body to use. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### How Cannabis & OTC Meds Interact Depends on Many Factors\n\nThe interactions between cannabis and common prescription medications like [opioid pain relievers](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/59f0d5d6453ba8000f3478d6/cannabis-an-exit-drug-for-the-opioid-epidemic) and [benzodiazepines for mood disorders](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5aa1a02ff24d1300077ccb80/cannabis-a-better-alternative-to-benzodiazepines) have been studied fairly extensively. But much less research has been done on how—or whether—cannabis can affect how the body responds to widely used OTC medications that anyone can buy without a doctor’s prescription. \n\nComplicating the connection between OTC medications and marijuana are the many variables involved in consuming cannabis along with these kinds of preparations. Many different factors can play a role in how the body responds, such as:\n\n* The way a person consumes cannabis\n* How much marijuana someone takes \n* The kind of cannabis they ingest\n* The types of medication they’re taking\n* Whether they’re also using other medications at the same time \n\nBut because the liver metabolizes and makes all of these substances bioavailable, researchers are able to study how cannabis either inhibits or enhances the way certain liver enzymes process common OTC medications. \n\n### OTC Drugs Are Medications, Too\n\nAlthough they aren’t dispensed by a doctor—and may not be as potent as their prescription counterparts are—OTC preparations are still medications that can potentially cause a wide range of reactions. These medications fall into several broad classes, which can include many different kinds of preparations. \n\nFor example, OTC pain relievers include both acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil) and the old standby, aspirin. \n\nAnd cough and cold remedies can include medications like pseudoephedrine and dextramethorphan to treat conditions as diverse as nasal congestion, coughing and fever. \n\nThe liver breaks down, or metabolizes, all of these medications. They’re made usable to the body by a [suite of liver enzymes called cytochrome P450](https://www.projectcbd.org/science/cannabis-pharmacology/cbd-drug-interactions-role-cytochrome-p450). According to HelloMD’s Dr. Richard Kim, the CP450 family of enzymes is the body’s most important system for metabolizing drugs. It accounts for between 70–80% of the enzymes involved in breaking down drugs of all kinds. This includes not only prescription and nonprescription medications, but also things like nutritional supplements, herbal preparations— and marijuana.\n\nThe cannabis compounds tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) compete with many other drugs for receptors on enzymes in the CP450 family. When this happens, marijuana can either increase or decrease the activity of an enzyme to alter the effects of a particular drug.  \n\nHere’s a rundown of what’s known about the ways in which cannabis compounds can affect the liver’s ability to metabolize common OTC medications.\n\nRELATED: [HOW DO SSRIs & OTHER DRUG TYPES INTERACT WITH CANNABIS?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5b288ad4bf4c4d000a0e74b8/how-do-ssris-and-other-drug-types-interact-with-cannabis)\n\n### Cannabis Intensifies the Effects of OTC Pain Relievers \n\nCannabis, especially strains and products that are high in CBD, have been shown to be effective pain relievers. And when taken in conjunction with common OTC pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, [research suggests that cannabis can increase their effectiveness](https://www.pharmacistanswers.com/questions/do-aspirin-or-zyrtec-interact-with-cbd-cannabidiol).  \n\nFor example, the enzyme CYP2C9 metabolizes both ibuprofen and marijuana, and cannabis appears to inhibit the activity of the enzyme. This makes it less effective in breaking down ibuprofen, and the result is that more ibuprofen is released into the bloodstream for a more intense effect.\n\n### Cough & Cold Medications Are Varied, But Seem Generally Safe Alongside Cannabis\n\nOTC medications for coughs, colds and flu like Sudafed and Nyquil contain a variety of active ingredients depending on the symptoms they target. But most contain substances like:\n\n* Pseudoephedrine to relieve nasal congestion\n* Dextromethorphan to suppress coughs\n* Guaifenesin to clear mucus\n\nLittle research has been done on the interactions between these drugs and cannabis compounds, but no major effects have been reported. \n\n### Heartburn Medications Generally Don’t Interact With Marijuana\n\nPrilosec and similar medications for heartburn and indigestion are designed to affect the production of acids in the stomach. Although liver enzymes also metabolize these medications, and they can have their own side effects and risks, medication databases don’t list any interactions with cannabis.\n\n### Sleep Aids Can Boost Cannabis’s Sedative Effects\n\nOTC sleep aids can include a variety of different substances to target different symptoms:\n\n* Dedicated sleep preparations like Unisom \n* Nighttime cold medicines such as Nyquil \n* Antihistamines such as the allergy medication Benadryl, which makes you sleepy because it reduces the production of histamines in the body\n\nThese medications have different ingredients and different ways of working in the body, but they all have sedating effects. Because marijuana can also have relaxing, calming effects, it can also boost the sedative action of these medications, so that they may work faster with a stronger sedative effect.\n\nInteractions between cannabis and OTC medications have been studied considerably less than interactions between cannabis and well-known prescription drugs like opioid painkillers and benzodiazepines. But research on the CP450 suite of liver enzymes that metabolize drugs of all kinds suggests that cannabis could either enhance or inhibit the way your body responds to your go-to OTC medications. \n\nPhoto credit: [Josué Goge](https://www.flickr.com/people/jgoge123/)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5b8882d88dd0720008373fcf/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-to-about-marijuana) index of articles. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/14b42/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg","srcSet":"/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/f836f/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg 200w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/2244e/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg 400w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/14b42/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg 800w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/47498/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg 1200w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/0e329/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg 1600w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/ef7f8/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.jpg 3560w","srcWebp":"/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/58556/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/61e93/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp 200w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/1f5c5/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp 400w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/58556/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp 800w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/99238/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp 1200w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/7c22d/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp 1600w,\n/static/4d3e4b0b67743f882f6767a225aeed4c/97ed0/c652f0d84c10beab1b4c9a7aba60bf1c.webp 3560w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2842-markdown","title":"Can You Be Allergic to Marijuana?","slug":"can-you-be-allergic-to-marijuana","content":"Marijuana allergies—are they a real thing? It seems so, according to some research, a few case studies and that one person you met at a party awhile back. The [first incidence of a cannabis allergy](http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/685832/allergy-marihuana?volume=75&issue=4&page=571) was reported over 40 years ago. \n\nSince then, there have been some reports of respiratory allergies due to cannabis pollen exposure as well as skin rashes from direct contact with the plant. It’s likely that as more countries change their laws to allow cannabis consumption, incidences of marijuana allergies will increase.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\nSo, what causes a marijuana allergy, and how do you know if you have one? And more important, what should you do if you think you’re allergic to cannabis? \n\n### What Are the Symptoms of a Marijuana Allergy? \n\nCommon respiratory symptoms from a cannabis allergy include: \n\n* Red, watery eyes\n* Sneezing\n* Runny nose\n* Congestion\n* Nausea\n* Vomiting \n\nSome people also experience an allergic reaction when coming into direct contact with the plant. These reactions can cause the skin to become: \n\n* Itchy\n* Inflamed and red\n* Dry and scaly\n\nMore severe symptoms can include an anaphylactic response, a type of allergic reaction that can include difficulty breathing and shock. \n\n### Is It a Marijuana Allergy vs. a Reaction to Something Else?\n\nIt’s important to be able to distinguish allergy symptoms with the common side effects of cannabis consumption like dry eyes and dry mouth. While these side effects can be uncomfortable, they’re just a normal part of cannabis consumption. \n\nRELATED: [3 POPULAR QUESTIONS ABOUT MARIJUANA & ALLERGIES ANSWERED](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5aea9558b869a600079658df/3-popular-questions-about-marijuana-and-allergies-answered)\n\nAnother thing to keep in mind is that sometimes your method of consumption could be triggering an allergic response—not the cannabis itself. For example, if you’re smoking cannabis and experiencing allergy symptoms, the smoke itself could be the culprit. \n\nIt’s also possible that the marijuana you’re consuming is moldy, which can also irritate the respiratory system. And if you’re using a topical, it’s possible that other ingredients in that topical are causing your skin to become irritated. \n\nSo, how do you know if you’re allergic to cannabis and not something else? Unfortunately, there isn’t a standard test that you can take to see if you have a cannabis allergy. And while some studies have used skin prick tests to figure out if someone has a cannabis allergy, these tests require that the tester have an actual cannabis preparation on hand—something that isn’t likely with the plant’s illegal federal status. \n\n### The Potential Causes of Cannabis Allergies—From Enzymes to Proteins \n\nWhat substance in cannabis could be causing these allergic reactions? Let’s take a look at that first reported incidence of a marijuana allergy, which took place in 1971. This involved a 29-year-old woman who had an anaphylactic response.  \n\nThe doctor who completed the case report indicated the reaction was an immune response—perhaps due to a cannabinoid, more specifically, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Though it’s entirely possible that THC is an allergen for some people, other studies suggest that there are other components of the plant at play as well. \n\nOne study points to enzymes found in cannabis pollen. Other studies have found that [a variety of proteins](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3726218/), including [lipid transfer proteins, could be responsible](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921252?dopt=Abstract). These enzymes and proteins are common allergens that are also found in food items like apples, tomatoes and apricots. \n\nThese studies could explain why some European studies point to an [allergen cross-reactivity between cannabis and some foods](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23549061?dopt=Abstract) like tomatoes and citrus, including grapefruit. What this means is it’s possible that developing an allergy to cannabis could also cause your body to negatively respond to certain foods and vice versa. Though more studies are needed, it’s likely that there are many things in cannabis that cause an allergic reaction. \n\nThese studies have also noted that cannabis sensitization is a real possibility. That is, repeated exposure to cannabis could cause the body to develop an allergy. One study in Spain found that [cannabis smokers were more likely to have a positive skin prick test for cannabis](https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/351068). These findings, though preliminary, don’t bode well for cannabis consumers and those who work in the industry. \n\n### How Are Cannabis Allergies Treated?\n\nWhile there’s no set treatment for a cannabis allergy, people often address symptoms via typical routes like taking antihistamines, steroids and decongestants. Of course, folks could also choose to avoid cannabis. However, this can be impossible for some people who live in areas where cannabis is grown, or who have a loved one who relies on the plant for medicine.  \n\nIf symptoms are more severe or start to affect quality of life, like most other allergy cases, immunotherapy can be a solution. In fact, there are a [few cases studies](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935105800416) where this type of treatment was used and resulted in reduced respiratory symptoms. \n\nOverall, cannabis allergies are still uncommon, though they’re being reported with more frequency. As cannabis continues to enter the mainstream across the globe, more and more people will become exposed to the plant. And since, studies suggest that exposure can lead to the development of a cannabis allergy, it’s in our best interests to advocate for more research on the topic.  \n\nPhoto credit: [Brittany Colette](https://unsplash.com/@candidbcolette)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5b8882d88dd0720008373fcf/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-to-about-marijuana) index of articles. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3605442176870748,"src":"/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/14b42/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/f836f/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg 200w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/2244e/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg 400w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/14b42/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg 800w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/47498/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg 1200w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/0e329/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg 1600w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/4bd3c/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.jpg 3634w","srcWebp":"/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/58556/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/61e93/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp 200w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/1f5c5/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp 400w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/58556/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp 800w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/99238/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp 1200w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/7c22d/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp 1600w,\n/static/a56d6288f6ca420bbb392b36ca646f03/1dec3/4d805f4f7b00c8b085d5e450cb80ddb3.webp 3634w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2840-markdown","title":"Can CBD Help You Quit Smoking?","slug":"can-cbd-help-you-quit-smoking","content":"Quitting smoking is tough. Though there’s a long list of smoking cessation aids on the market and in the pharmacy, smokers still struggle with cravings for nicotine. This is especially true when they come up against cues for smoking, like being at a party, drinking certain beverages like coffee or visiting a particular place. \n\nNow, however, smokers who want to quit may have an ally in cannabidiol (CBD), a [non-psychoactive cannabis compound](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a8dafa0f24d1300077ccb59/whats-so-great-about-cannabidiol-or-cbd). CBD appears to reduce smokers’ responses to triggering cues. The cannabinoid also appears to rewire the brain’s pathways for pleasure, reward and memory.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\nAlong with psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD is one of the most abundant compounds in the cannabis plant. And a number of studies have revealed its many benefits for:\n\n* Reducing inflammation\n* Easing pain\n* Protecting the body’s nerves and tissues from infection and cellular damage\n\nCBD has also been studied for its ability to disrupt addiction to substances including street drugs and a variety of pharmaceuticals, [including the powerfully addictive painkillers, opioids](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a14b5edeea891000897e26c/how-cannabis-can-break-the-cycle-of-opioid-abuse).\n\nSo how can CBD help cigarette smokers stamp out their habit? \n\n### How Can CBD Help Smokers Quit the Habit?\n\nUntil relatively recently, little research has been done on whether CBD can also disrupt nicotine addiction and help people quit smoking. But a new study published in the journal _Addiction_ provides some [key insights into the role of CBD in helping smokers to quit](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14243), and why CBD could be a useful addition to the many smoking cessation tools that are currently available.\n\nIn that study, researchers asked a group of smokers to inhale a formulation of CBD oil whenever they felt the urge to smoke. Meanwhile, another group of study participants used a placebo in the same way. After one week, the group of CBD consumers had cut their cigarette consumption by 40% in comparison to the placebo group. But what interested researchers most was the reason for CBD’s dramatic effect on the smokers’ behaviors.\n\n### Nicotine Hijacks the Brain’s Pleasure-Reward-Memory Circuit\n\nThe study found that overall, CBD didn’t affect nicotine withdrawal symptoms. And it didn’t completely stop cravings for cigarettes either. But it did affect the smokers’ responses to cues about smoking. One factor that contributes to addiction in general is that using an addictive substance, such as nicotine, releases a flood of the feel-good brain chemicals serotonin and dopamine. \n\nThis pleasure-reward pathway in the brain is then activated whenever a person uses the substance again. And over time, that substance hijacks the brain’s normal production of serotonin and dopamine—the brain then stops producing them on its own without the presence of the addictive substance. This process is called reconsolidation. And for smokers, this means that when they’re under stress of any kind, the craving for nicotine becomes intense in order to release the brain’s comfort chemicals.\n\nBut the pleasure-reward pathway has another component: memory. Repeated rounds of pleasure and reward create connections with memory and learning. The result is that things that have been associated with experiences of pleasure and reward also become wired into the circuit. This is how the brain learns to associate smoking with positive things and experiences.  \n\nFor example, being in a place that’s associated with smoking, visiting a smoking friend or even hearing a certain song can trigger the urge to light up. Cues like food or drink, or habitual behaviors that go along with smoking such as having a morning cup of coffee, can also trigger cravings for nicotine.\n\nBecause the link between smoking and pleasant memories is strong, this creates attentional bias—a heightened awareness of those cues, so that you pay much more attention to them and respond more strongly to them than to others. \n\nRELATED: [MARIJUANA IS SAFER THAN ALCOHOL OR TOBACCO, STUDY FINDS](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56e884c21e4e2b000800001a/marijuana-is-safer-than-alcohol-and-tobacco-study-finds)\n\nIn the _Addictions_ study, participants were shown photographs depicting positive images of smoking, and their responses were measured. Compared to the placebo group, the participants who were taking CBD had less intense responses to these psychological triggers. Though they still craved nicotine, they were able to reduce their consumption by that stunning 40% margin. \n\nBut why did this happen? A look at the way CBD affects the brain’s pleasure-reward-memory pathways can offer some insights.\n\n### CBD Can Moderate Chemical Imbalances & Reduce External Smoking Cues Through the ECS\n\nThough it doesn’t provide the high that psychoactive THC does, CBD can act on the pleasure-reward-memory pathways by triggering responses in the body’s own natural cannabinoid receptor system, called the endocannabinoid system (ECS). \n\nCBD is a natural anti-inflammatory agent, and studies suggest that it plays a role in restoring balance to many of the body’s systems. In this way, [CBD can moderate imbalances in brain chemistry that cause mood disorders like anxiety and depression—and also those that contribute to addiction](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444130/).\n\nSome research reveals that CBD can boost the body’s production of [a natural cannabinoid called anandamide, which also produces positive feelings](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a949d06f24d1300077ccb66/eating-anandamide-the-bliss-molecule) and supports the serotonin-dopamine pathways. CBD can also support normal signaling processes in the brain; this can help regulate the production of these chemicals. \n\nBut the _Addictions_ study suggests that CBD also plays a little-known but important role in the reconsolidation process by reducing the intensity of connections between using nicotine and its pleasure triggers in the brain. This is why, even though the people in the study group still felt cravings for cigarettes and experienced withdrawal symptoms when they didn’t smoke, they didn’t respond as strongly to external cues for smoking—helping them smoke less.\n\nThe [link between CBD and smoking](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23685330) has been studied far less than CBD’s effect on addictions of other kinds. But these limited studies suggest that CBD could be a useful tool for helping people quit smoking, especially when it’s consumed the way the study participants did—by vaping, a method that’s very similar to smoking.  \n\nPhoto credit: [Elena Taranenko](https://unsplash.com/@elenatrn)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5b8882d88dd0720008373fcf/cannabis-101-what-you-need-to-know-to-about-marijuana) index of articles. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3793103448275863,"src":"/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/14b42/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg","srcSet":"/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/f836f/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg 200w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/2244e/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg 400w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/14b42/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg 800w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/47498/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg 1200w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/0e329/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg 1600w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/d59ca/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.jpg 3666w","srcWebp":"/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/58556/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/61e93/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp 200w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/1f5c5/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp 400w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/58556/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp 800w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/99238/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp 1200w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/7c22d/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp 1600w,\n/static/d553216fb5cd78d226b4fd19f7e3d5bf/53f94/bd3051962319c354f2396a1162aebaa2.webp 3666w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2805-markdown","title":"Beyond the CB1 & CB2 Cannabis Receptors: TRPV1 & GPR55 ","slug":"beyond-the-cb1-and-cb2-cannabis-receptors-trpv1-and-gpr55","content":"If you’re familiar with cannabis science, you know about CB1 and CB2, the receptors located throughout the body that are triggered by cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). It’s via these receptors that THC and CBD are able to bring about some of the therapeutic effects that cannabis is known for. \n\nWhile CB1 and CB2 get the most attention—likely because we know the most about them—there are other receptors in the body that also respond to cannabinoids, like TRPV1 and GPR55. These receptors are influenced by THC and CBD, as well as [anandamide](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5a949d06f24d1300077ccb66/eating-anandamide-the-bliss-molecule) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), endocannabinoids made by our bodies. \n\nWe’re beginning to gain a better understanding of TRPV1 and GPR55. Both hold much therapeutic promise, and CBD may be one of the ways to unlock this potential.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### The TRPV1 Receptor Controls Our Pain Response \n\nTRPV1, also called vanilloid receptor 1 or the capsaicin receptor, helps control our body temperature and plays a role in how we feel pain. This receptor can be activated via physical and chemical cues, including:\n\n* Temperatures above 109 degrees F\n* Capsaicin, the molecule responsible for the spicy sensation of chili peppers\n* Acidic conditions in the body\n* Anandamide\n* CBD\n\nIndeed, TRPV1 is one of the few receptors we know of that CBD directly influences; CBD doesn’t really bind to CB1 or CB2. CBD’s affinity for the TRPV1 receptor may be one of the ways it brings about therapeutic effects in the body, and some studies are beginning to shed light on this. \n\nA 2004 study on rats found that [CBD acts in a similar way to capsaicin]( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1575333/#bib2). When we eat a chili pepper, capsaicin acts on the TRPV1 receptors in our brain cells, making us feel that burning sensation we associate with spicy foods. \n\nThese brain cells then become desensitized—they no longer signal that burning sensation to our brain when capsaicin acts on TRPV1. This is perhaps why some people have a higher tolerance for spicy foods: Their TRPV1 receptors have become desensitized. \n\nBut capsaicin does more than make our mouth burn when we eat spicy foods. It also has anti-inflammatory and anti-seizure properties. \n\nThe researchers in this study think that CBD behaves in a similar way to capsaicin—except without imparting that spicy sensation. Somehow CBD desensitizes TRPV1 receptors, thus reducing our pain response. And we already know that CBD has pain-relieving effects and can help those with epilepsy—as much anecdotal evidence suggests. \n\n### Researchers Focusing on TRPV1 in Epilepsy & Endometrial Cancer Studies\n\nIndeed, TRPV1 likely has something to do with CBD’s anti-seizure abilities. Rodents with epilepsy and some human epilepsy patients tend to have more TRPV1 receptors than their healthy counterparts. It’s possible that the body makes more of these receptors in response to the condition.\n\nKnowing this, researchers decided to test the effect of CBD on mice with and without TRPV1 receptors. They subjected the mice to electric currents high enough to produce seizures and found that [mice without the TRPV1 receptors were more susceptible to seizures](http://n.neurology.org/content/90/15_Supplement/S53.004). The results suggest that CBD was acting on TRPV1 to reduce seizures, since those without TRPV1 receptors were more likely to get them after being subjected to electrical currents.\n\nMost recently, research has suggested that substances that attach to [TRPV1 may be useful in treating endometrial cancer](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441458), though this evidence is preliminary. In a petri dish, researchers exposed susceptible cells to high levels of estrogen to make them cancerous. They then monitored what happened in the presence of THC and CBD.\n\nThe researchers found that CBD, but not THC, caused these cancerous cells to die. They believe that CBD was doing this by acting on the TRPV1 receptor. While these results are promising, much more research is needed. \n\nRELATED: [CAN CANNABIS HELP DEFEND AGAINST ENDOMETRIAL CANCER?](https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/5adfa21c049b4f000a64e8d5/can-cannabis-help-defend-against-endometrial-cancer)\n\n### GPR55 Plays a Role in the Development of Cancer \n\nGPR55 is what’s known as a G-protein coupled receptor—the same type of receptor as CB1 and CB2. GPR55 is a likely contributor to many of cannabis’s health benefits, though we still don’t have the whole picture. \n\nThis receptor can be activated by both anandamide and 2-AG, as well as THC. Because GPR55 seems to interact with many cannabinoids, some researchers think that it could be the much-speculated-about third cannabinoid receptor, or CB3, but this hasn’t been confirmed yet. \n\nInterestingly, CBD doesn’t activate this receptor. Rather, it prevents other substances from attaching to it. Researchers think that this special quality may be one of the reasons behind CBD’s therapeutic effects, and they think it could have applications in many conditions including cancer, gastrointestinal inflammation and certain seizures. \n\nResearch links [GPR55 activation with tumor activity]( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28029647). Thus, something that prevents substances from binding to this receptor, like CBD, could have an anti-tumor effect, though the molecule’s capacity to do this hasn’t been tested yet. \n\nSo far, researchers have tested the ability of substances that block GPR55 in the following cancers: \n\n* Brain\n* Breast\n* Colorectal\n* Pancreatic \n\nThe results have been positive, though it’s important to remember that these studies were preliminary.\n\n### How GPR55 Impacts Inflammatory Bowel Disease & Dravet Syndrome \n\nWe know that CBD has anti-inflammatory properties. Yet we don’t know why it tends to provide relief for folks who suffer from inflammation of the colon and intestines, commonly known as inflammatory bowel disease. Here, GPR55 may again be part of the answer.\n\nPeople with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis tend to have more GPR55 receptors in their bodies than their healthy counterparts do. And studies on mice where molecules block GPR55 lead to [a reduction in intestinal inflammation]( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nmo.12639). We’ll have to wait and see whether or not CBD has similar effects in future studies. \n\nThough it’s likely that TRPV1 has something to do with CBD’s anti-seizure properties, GPR55 may be doing something as well. In order to better understand why patients with Dravet syndrome, a severe form of epilepsy, tend to respond favorably to CBD, researchers tested the effect of CBD in a mouse model of this condition.\n\nThey found that [CBD reduced seizure activity by binding to GPR55 receptors]( http://www.pnas.org/content/114/42/11229) in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that seems to play an important role in seizure activity. \n\nThe anti-seizure activities that can be credited to both GPR55 and TRPV1 highlight how many different factors must come together to produce cannabis’s therapeutic effects. CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55 are just some of the receptors in the body that THC and CBD interact with—there are many more that researchers are just beginning to understand. \n\nCannabinoid science is a field of study that’s still in its infancy. As research progresses, it’ll paint a clearer picture of the endocannabinoid system and how cannabis can be used to its full medical potential. \n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101]( https://www.hellomd.com/health-wellness/56201c206430320006bb0000/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/14b42/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.jpg","srcSet":"/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/f836f/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.jpg 200w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/2244e/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.jpg 400w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/14b42/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.jpg 800w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/47498/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.jpg 1200w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/19e6b/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.jpg 1469w","srcWebp":"/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/58556/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/61e93/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.webp 200w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/1f5c5/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.webp 400w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/58556/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.webp 800w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/99238/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.webp 1200w,\n/static/8fb12afbb21296eeb48bdf453942b83a/a7d4f/f9596d6d523e2f3497565079ae40bc21.webp 1469w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2795-markdown","title":"Up Your Omega-3s to Get the Most Out of Your Marijuana  ","slug":"up-your-omega-3s-to-get-the-most-out-of-your-marijuana","content":"You’ve heard about the many benefits of cannabis. But did you know that the food you eat can alter how effectively your cannabis treatment works? \n\nScientists have uncovered that our bodies need omega-3 fatty acids to properly synthesize cannabinoids—the all-important compounds in the marijuana plant that are also made naturally by the human body.  Making sure you ingest enough omega-3 fatty acids can help your body better process cannabis. Omega-3s can also help your body produce more cannabinoids naturally, and this may help improve the health conditions you’re treating. \n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Omega-3s Keep Your Endocannabinoid System in Balance \n\nOmega-3 fatty acids can help your body process marijuana, but how does this work? \n\nIt all revolves around the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This crucial system of neurotransmitters is found all over the body and controls or affects some of its most important functions, such as:\n\n* Hunger\n* Pain\n* Stress response\n* Memory building \n* Inflammation\n* Sleep\n* Muscle control\n* Energy\n* Mood\n\nThe ECS both produces and is activated by the body’s natural endocannabinoids. But plant cannabinoids, the medicinally potent chemicals in cannabis, also activate the ECS. [When the ECS is out of balance, all of the system’s functions work less effectively](https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2736). \n\nAs it turns out, omega-3s are essential for maintaining this crucial internal system. In fact, the ECS literally creates its own endocannabinoids out of these fatty acids (along with another fatty acid, omega-6). Researchers conducting a study on animal tissue recently discovered that [omega-3s themselves convert into an anti-inflammatory endocannabinoid](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170718142909.htm). \n\nThis means that patients who lack omega-3s in their bodies may have problems with issues like: \n\n* Increased inflammation\n* Pain\n* Mood disorders \n* Sleep imbalances \n\nThe ECS feeds on these fatty acids. So, without a well-fed ECS, it becomes unbalanced and problems can arise. \n\nThese fatty acids also work to better regulate the ECS, allowing it to process plant cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD). In fact, previous research has shown how important fats are for getting the most out of your cannabis.\n\nBecause cannabis’s active ingredients are fat-soluble, not water-soluble, they need fat to be metabolized. Adding more fatty foods to your diet can help your body process plant cannabinoids more easily, in addition to helping your body make more endocannabinoids of its own. \n\nRELATED: [WHY YOU NEED TO EAT FAT WITH YOUR CANNABIS](https://hellomd.com/articles/why-you-need-to-eat-fat-with-your-cannabis)\n\n### How to Increase Your Intake of Omega-3s \n\nIf you’re interested in adding omega-3 to your health regimen, you can do so in a few easy ways. The simplest way may be adding foods to your diet that are high in omega-3. Fish and seafood have the highest levels of omega-3s. So, eating seafood at least twice a week may be the best way to get in the recommended amount.\n\nOf course, you can also get this fatty acid in other foods, such as:\n\n* Grass-fed meat and dairy\n* Eggs from pasture-raised chickens\n* Flax seeds\n* Chia seeds\n* Hemp seeds\n* Walnuts\n* Brussel sprouts \n* Dark leafy greens \n\nOr, if none of these foods sound appetizing, you can use supplements like fish oil capsules to get in these essential nutrients. \n\n### Make Sure to Balance Omega-3s With Omega-6s\n\nJust increasing your omega-3s shouldn’t be your only focus. Health experts caution that omega-3 actually needs to be balanced with that other important fatty acid, omega-6. Omega-6 is found in many vegetable oils and so is common in processed foods. It’s also found in conventionally raised animal products like meat, eggs and dairy. \n\nUnlike grass-fed animals, conventionally raised livestock are fed only grains, and this leads to more omega-6 than omega-3 in the final product. Because of this, most people already have diets high in omega-6, and low in omega-3. The average ratio is about 10:1 for most people’s diets today. Our ancestors evolved on a diet that was much more balanced. They had a ratio closer to 1:1. \n\nScientists report that maintaining a more balanced ratio, like the 1:1 ratio our ancestors enjoyed, can help get your ECS back into balance as well. It’s not just about increasing omega-3s; it's about getting them in balance with omega-6 fatty acids.\n\nA diet too high in omega-3s could also cause problems with the ECS. For most, this means eating more omega-3s and less omega-6s, but the ratio is what’s most important. \n\nTo get your diet back in balance, pay attention to the fatty acids in the foods you eat. It may be as simple as adding more fish into your meal plan or cutting back on processed foods. Whatever shifts you need to make, try it out and see how you feel. Your ECS will thank you. \n\nPhoto credit: [Malidate Van](https://www.pexels.com/@vanmalidate)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://www.hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online. \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/14b42/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg","srcSet":"/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/f836f/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg 200w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/2244e/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg 400w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/14b42/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg 800w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/47498/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg 1200w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/0e329/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg 1600w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/02768/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.jpg 3662w","srcWebp":"/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/58556/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/61e93/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp 200w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/1f5c5/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp 400w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/58556/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp 800w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/99238/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp 1200w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/7c22d/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp 1600w,\n/static/0783a4fb26fcd104cbb401988939436d/83969/217b1e299f24bcbbd226e1b193e22cf4.webp 3662w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2774-markdown","title":"No More Waiting With Fast-Acting Marijuana Edibles","slug":"no-more-waiting-with-fast-acting-marijuana-edibles","content":"You may have experienced this before: You eat a cannabis edible, but it feels like nothing’s happening. Then you eat some more and still nothing. Now a third edible goes down the hatch, and you wait patiently. All of a sudden, all three edibles hit you at once. You spend a few miserable hours uncomfortably high, just waiting to feel normal again. \n\nCannabis edibles can take an hour or more to deliver their effects. This lag time has trapped many a cannabis newcomer into eating far more than they’d planned when they think the edibles aren’t working. You may know someone—or be someone—who swore off cannabis edibles because of a bad experience like this. \n\nBut now, some cannabis entrepreneurs have harnessed a pharmaceutical process called nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion can help create cannabis edibles that take effect in as little as 15 to 20 minutes. Discreet and quick acting, these edibles could bring fast relief for a medical condition.\n\nThey also take the delay and guesswork out of how and when marijuana edibles affect the consumer. This could help make cannabis consumption as mainstream as having a few glasses of wine at a party.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### The Problem With Marijuana Edibles: Timing Is Everything\n\nThe cannabis edibles market has come a long way since the early days of homemade brownies infused with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Now, it’s possible to eat your cannabis in foods ranging from trail mix to gourmet chocolates to honey.\n\nCannabis edibles appeal to those who don’t want to smoke or vape cannabis, but still want a potent dose of cannabinoids. Many consumers find that having to commit a lengthy amount of time to a cannabis experience—that can potentially be unpredictable, too—can be inconvenient and frustrating.  \n\nWhen you smoke or vape cannabis, cannabinoids enter the bloodstream almost immediately through the capillaries in the lungs. This is why most people are able to feel the plant’s effects within minutes.\n\nBut edibles take a different route to deliver their effect. When you eat a marijuana edible, you consume the cannabinoids along with a number of other ingredients. And they’re all processed together through the stomach and the rest of the digestive system. Consumption of the other ingredients coupled with the digestive process (plus what may already be in your stomach) mean that the cannabinoids’ effects can be unpredictable in timing and strength. \n\nAnother issue with marijuana edibles is that cannabinoids are fat soluble, or lipophilic, which means [they must be dissolved in fats in order to become bioavailable](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5009397/). This is why cannabis cooking typically involves [cannabis-infused butter](https://hellomd.com/articles/diy-recipe-cannabutter-or-cannabis-butter) or other kinds of oils such as coconut or olive. Combining cannabis with fat helps the intestines [transport cannabinoids into the liver and from there to the bloodstream](https://www.projectcbd.org/science/cannabis-pharmacology/cbd-drug-interactions-role-cytochrome-p450).\n\nAll this takes time. But the emerging technology of nanoemulsion creates a dramatic shortcut by taking advantage of cannabis’s affinity for fat.\n\nRELATED: [WHY YOU NEED TO EAT FAT WITH YOUR CANNABIS](https://hellomd.com/articles/why-you-need-to-eat-fat-with-your-cannabis)\n\n### What Is Nanoemulsion?\n\nNanoemulsion takes advantage of [nanotechnology, a branch of technology that conducts operations on the nanoscale](https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what). Or in other words, dimensions measured in nanometers. One nanometer is one billionth of a meter.\n\nAnd if you’re not used to working in the metric system, one inch is 25,400,000 nanometers long. This kind of scale allows nanotechnology specialists to work on the level of atoms and molecules, including the molecules in substances such as prescription drugs and the cannabinoids in cannabis.\n\n[Nanoemulsion delivers a variety of pharmaceuticals](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4362737/), including some cancer medications and vaccines. Nanoemulsions can make medications more bioavailable and reduce the side effects and toxicity that can accompany powerful drugs. Nanoemulsion technology combines:\n\n* Water\n* An oil\n* Some type of surfactant (a compound that lowers surface tension) to stabilize the mixture \n* The desired load of a particular drug or other chemical \n\nBecause of their miniscule size, nanoemulsions can quickly penetrate the skin and other tissues. This causes the medication to be delivered quickly at full strength while bypassing the digestive system and other kinds of processing by the body. \n\n### Nanoemulsions Can Solve the Timing Problem With Edibles\n\nIf nanoemulsion technology can deliver pharmaceuticals safer and more efficiently, can it work for cannabis, too? In 2015, Colorado cannabis entrepreneur Peter Barsoom, founder of the [cannabis edible company 1906](https://www.1906newhighs.com/products/), asked this question. The result is a line of cannabis edibles developed with nanoemulsions of THC and/or cannabidiol (CBD), which promise to deliver its effect in 20 minutes or less. \n\nSince then, a number of other cannabis businesses have begun to explore the potential of nanoemulsions in cannabis products of various kinds. As awareness grows about the benefits of nanoemulsion technology for both medical and recreational cannabis consumers, expect to see more rapid delivery products hitting the market.  \n\nThese new products reflect the fact that nanoemulsion technology and cannabis seem made for each other. The oils that are required in a marijuana edible for the cannabinoids to become bioavailable are among those most commonly used to create nanoemulsions. And because nanoemulsions can deliver their full potency so quickly, cannabis experts think rapid delivery edibles could lead to a cultural shift in the way people view—and consume—cannabis.\n\nSmoking and vaping are obvious ways to consume marijuana, but in some social situations neither of these is appropriate or welcome. Conventional edibles are a less obtrusive way to consume cannabis, but it can take far too long to feel their effects.\n\nWith rapid delivery edibles though, the effect is very similar to consuming alcohol, which could make taking these kinds of edibles similar to having a few glasses of wine at dinner. For those who are taking cannabis for medical purposes, rapid delivery edibles can also make it easier to get a standard dose of the right cannabinoid combination and make it easy to microdose for desired effects.\n\n### Rapid Delivery Edibles Tap a Growing Market of Discreet Cannabis Consumers \n\nThe market for cannabis edibles is growing fast, as people search for ways to take cannabis discreetly in social settings and get quick relief from a variety of health conditions. And now, nanoemulsion technology makes it possible to add rapid release cannabinoids to food products of all kinds. This should be welcome news for those who want a pleasant, THC-powered social high as well as for folks who need quick relief with CBD from a medical condition.  \n\nThe use of cannabis nanoemulsions goes beyond edibles, too. Because nanoparticles are so small, they can be easily absorbed through the skin. This makes it possible to boost the response time for topical cannabis products such as creams and ointments.  \n\nIn all of these situations, nanotechnology plus marijuana’s well-known affinity for fats of all kinds make it possible for tiny particles to pack a big punch—and to deliver cannabinoids for health and wellness in a fraction of the usual time.\n\nPhoto credit: [NordWood Themes]( https://unsplash.com/@nordwood)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.\n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/14b42/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg","srcSet":"/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/f836f/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg 200w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/2244e/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg 400w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/14b42/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg 800w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/47498/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg 1200w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/0e329/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg 1600w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/6995d/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.jpg 3637w","srcWebp":"/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/58556/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/61e93/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp 200w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/1f5c5/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp 400w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/58556/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp 800w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/99238/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp 1200w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/7c22d/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp 1600w,\n/static/eefd4fb54e774ff07cebf81ff80eaa7d/2a59d/e92d7006ff82c24921e3dcefca02ba95.webp 3637w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}},{"node":{"id":"Article_2766-markdown","title":"Study Finds 96% of Cancer Patients Improved With Cannabis","slug":"study-finds-96-of-cancer-patients-improved-with-cannabis","content":"In a recently released Israeli study, an incredible [96% of cancer patients who took cannabis reported an improvement in symptoms](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29482741). The study was published in the _European Journal of Internal Medicine_ earlier this year and looked at 2,970 cancer patients with an average age of around 60. \n\nThis is yet another piece of evidence strongly suggesting that marijuana is an effective and relatively safe way to treat the painful side effects that affect cancer sufferers.\n\nFOLLOW US ON [FACEBOOK](https://www.facebook.com/pg/hellomdcompany/posts/) & [INSTAGRAM](https://www.instagram.com/hellomd_com/?hl=en)\n\n### Who Conducted This Study Looking at Cannabis’s Effect on Cancer Symptoms?\n\nThe study was run by Tikun Olam, an Israeli-based medical marijuana producer and research company. Tikun Olam started in 2005 as a nonprofit organization to advocate for safe and clean cannabis for medical marijuana patients. It then moved into developing cannabis strains. In addition, it now makes cannabis-based products including tinctures, concentrates and topicals. \n\nAll of its products are derived from cannabis strains that Tikun Olam has developed itself. You may have heard of its proprietary cannabis strain called Avidekel, a strain rich in cannabidiol (CBD) that contains practically no tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). People who want CBD’s anti-inflammatory and other healing properties without a head high give the strain rave reviews. \n\nThrough international subsidiaries and partners, Tikun Olam’s products are available in Canada, Australia and even here in the U.S. \n\n### What This Study Tells Us About Cannabis in Addressing Cancer Symptoms\n\nTikun Olam’s purpose was to see how cannabis could help in palliative care for cancer patients. (The Israeli ministry of health began to allow cancer patients to legally consume medicinal cannabis in 2007.) It didn’t set out to prove the plant could cure cancer, but rather to see how cannabis could help those dealing with the painful side effects of the disease and primary cancer treatments like chemotherapy. \n\nThose symptoms that affect nearly all cancer patients and were mentioned by participants in this study include:\n\n* Insomnia\n* Pain\n* Nausea\n* Weakness\n\nThe study found the participants had to deal with some side effects from cannabis consumption, but they were relatively minor and treatable. These included:\n\n* Sleepiness\n* Increased appetite \n* Psychoactive effects\n* Dry mouth\n\n### This Study & Many Others Find Cannabis Allows for a Reduction In the Use of Opioids\n\nBesides the 96% who reported an improvement in their symptoms, Tikun Olam also disclosed that within just six months of starting a marijuana protocol, 36% of subjects were able to stop taking the opioids they were prescribed. A further 10% of the study’s subjects were able to reduce the dose of opioids they needed. \n\nMany other studies and anecdotal evidence point to cannabis as an effective pain reliever for people, so much so that they’re able to reduce or stop their opioid intake altogether. In fact, HelloMD conducted a study on cannabis as a substitute for opioid and non-opioid-based pain medications and found that:\n\n* 97% of those surveyed “strongly agreed/agreed” that they could decrease their opioid use when using cannabis.\n* 92% of participants “strongly agreed/agreed” that they prefer cannabis to treat their medical condition.\n* 81% of subjects “strongly agreed/agreed” that cannabis by itself was more effective than taking cannabis with opioids. The results were similar when using cannabis with non-opiate based pain medications.\n\nWe’ve all heard of the damage that potentially addictive and deadly opioids can cause. And marijuana as a natural, non-addictive pain reliever is an exciting prospect as an alternative to opioids—or even as an [exit drug out of opioid addiction](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-an-exit-drug-for-the-opioid-epidemic).  \n\n### How to Begin Taking Medical Marijuana for Cancer Symptoms\n\nIf you want to try treating cancer symptoms with marijuana, it may take some time to figure out what works for you. With all things cannabis, some experimentation will probably be in order to find the right strain, consumption method and dose that gives you the effects you’re looking for. \n\nIt may be helpful to start with the symptom(s) you want to treat and work backwards from there to find the right cannabis regimen. So, for example, if you’re having trouble sleeping, you’ll probably want to start with an indica or hybrid marijuana strain with a cannabinoid/terpene profile that’s known for promoting sleep and relaxation. If possible, you’ll also want to choose a marijuana edible, since this form of cannabis is processed through the liver and though it takes longer to kick in, its effects last longer—hopefully through the night for those with sleep issues.\n\nIf you have questions about using cannabis to help with cancer symptoms, you can head over to our [Answers](https://hellomd.com/questions-and-answers) page to post your question and a knowledgeable member of the HelloMD community will give you some expert guidance. You can also choose to [consult with one of our doctors](www.hellomd.com) or health professionals to learn more about how medical marijuana could help ease your cancer symptoms. \n\nPhoto credit: [Foto Sushi](https://unsplash.com/@fotosushi)\n\nIf you’re new to cannabis and want to learn more, take a look at our [Cannabis 101](https://hellomd.com/articles/cannabis-101-your-quick-guide-to-medical-marijuana) post. [HelloMD](https://hellomd.com/) can help you get your medical marijuana recommendation; it's easy, private and 100% online.  \n","image":{"childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.3888888888888888,"src":"/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/14b42/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg","srcSet":"/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/f836f/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg 200w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/2244e/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg 400w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/14b42/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg 800w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/47498/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg 1200w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/0e329/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg 1600w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/11837/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.jpg 3621w","srcWebp":"/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/58556/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp","srcSetWebp":"/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/61e93/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp 200w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/1f5c5/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp 400w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/58556/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp 800w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/99238/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp 1200w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/7c22d/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp 1600w,\n/static/1d906fe6c984cc2266e45fb50ec8a161/cbac0/95e3e9e7aca4d44a4a3fc8bad2ca574e.webp 3621w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}]}},"pageContext":{"limit":12,"skip":0,"numPages":9,"currentPage":1,"id":5724,"name":"Science & Research","slug":"science-and-research","country":"US"}},"staticQueryHashes":["3949754563","4179947113","4202924991"]}